3 https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidprosser/2016/10/05/santander-joinsthe-crowdfunding-revolution/#51df71894e60 Accessed 10 September 2018.
4 This remark can be linked to the thesis developed by American historian Joyce Appleby in her work The Relentless Revolution: A History of Capitalism (2010). She shows how capitalism pertains not only to the sphere of economics but exists most significantly as a cultural construction, in constant evolution, feeding of its many contradictions.
This logic reminds one of the role and ‘invention’ of communication as a means of ‘fluidifying’ internationalized economic exchanges, from the 19th century onwards, as theorized by Armand Mattelart in his work La communication-monde (1992).
6 Castells uses the term ‘culture’ here in a somewhat restrictive way, pointing to a ‘shared technical universe’ whose practices contribute in fine to creating ‘diferent technical modes of thought’ among users (2001: 58).
7 http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/twain/exhibition/subscription. Accessed 30 March 2019.
8 https://www.popoptiq.com/a-look-back-at-john-cassavetes-shadows-apioneering-movie-in-the-history-of-american-independent-cinema/. Accessed 30 March 2019.
9 Further results of this study can be consulted on the research programme’s website: https://projetcollab.wordpress.com/2018/02/05/enquete-sur-lesusages-du-crowdsourcing-et-du-crowdfunding/ Accessed March 30 2019.
References and Reading
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Cultural Crowdfunding: Platform Capitalism, Labour and Globalization