microphysics of, 68, 94 micropolitics of, 94, 116 practical knowledge, 61–62, 98 precision journalism, 122 predictions, 6, 11, 20, 28, 82 problematic algorithms, 27, 45, 55–56, 102–3, 107–8, 134, 136, 148, 158 see also journalism problematic of the unknown, 42–46, 64 problematization, 120, 142–47 process-relational philosophy, 16, 49, 120–21 profiling, 101–3 profit, 6, 102, 130, 153 programmed algorithms, 23–24 programmed sociality, 1, 4–15, 69, 114, 153, 158–59 see also Facebook friendships programming languages, 21, 22 PYMK feature, 9, 14
Rabinow, Paul, 142–43, 147
“racist” algorithms, 27–28, 36, 51
radar philosophy, 43
Rader, Emilee, 96, 115
Rajchman, John, 73, 84
Ranciére, Jacques, 67, 92, 100
ranking algorithm see under Facebook news feed
regulation, 35, 52, 76
relational agency, 16, 50
relational impulses, 5, 6, 9
relational materialism, 8, 16, 50, 56
relational ontology, 42, 47, 49, 50–51
relational perspective, 52, 53, 54, 68, 116, 155
representational resting points, 97
responsibility, 13, 27, 53–54, 56, 75, 138, 154, 156,
157, 159 see also editorial responsibility
reverse engineering, 59–60, 85, 111, 113
Rieder, Bernhard, 26, 30, 61
robot journalism, 124, 140
robotics, 97
robots, 39, 55, 119, 122, 124, 127, 128, 138
Sandvig, Christian, 43, 45, 58, 60, 93, 97
Sauder, Michael 9, 32
Scandinavian news media (case study), 18, 124–32 beter workflows, 131–34 data sources, 124–25 digital innovation, 128–29 editor-controlled algorithm, 140–41 potential of algorithms, 127–31 problematic algorithms, 134–38
Schibsted, 125, 128, 133, 134, 141
Schibsted Media Platform, 128
Schütz, Alfred, 62, 63, 97
science and technology studies (STS), 3, 15, 23, 29, 43, 72
search engines, 28, 30–31, 34–35, 48, 57, 60, 107 see also Google
Seaver, Nick, 29, 30, 48, 68
secrecy, 41, 42–43, 44–45, 60
security, 29, 37, 57, 91–92, 94
Selbst, Andrew 25–27, 53
sensor technologies, 96
Simondon, Gilbert, 14, 49, 153, 154
Snapchat, 66, 107, 112
social analytics, 63
social concerns, 29–32, 46
social imaginary, 113
social media, 1–2, 4, 5–12, 13, 74, 80, 84
see also Facebook; machine-learning algorithms;
programmed sociality; Twiter
news media, competition with, 143–44
users’ stories see encounters with algorithms
social media production studies, 68
Social Network, The (film), 66
social values see values
sociality, 4 see also programmed sociality
sociology, 29, 31
sociomateriality, 14, 15, 31, 50, 90, 148
software, 2, 3, 22, 68, 153
and sociality see programmed sociality
variable ontology of, 30, 54, 88, 90–91, 151
software studies, 15, 29–30
Solberg, Erna, 58, 152
spam filtering, 26
speech recognition, 27
Spotify, 54, 99
statistical reasoning, 32
statistical society, 9–10
Steinberg, Ari, 77–78
Stewart, Kathleen, 94, 99, 104, 117
strange encounters see encounters with algorithms
strategic unknowns, 56, 58, 59, 63–64
Strathern, Marilyn, 32, 43, 46
Striphas, Ted, 29, 31, 150
structured journalism, 133
structured programming, 22
STS see science and technology studies
Suchman, Lucy, 64, 97, 126, 146, 155, 157–58
surveillance, 17, 29, 35, 82, 83, 88, 91, 92, 114
Svenska Dagbladet, 125, 140, 141
Sveriges Radio, 125, 136, 146
Swedish news media, 124, 125, 133, 140–41
see also Omni; Scandinavian news media
targeting, 38–40
Taste Profiles (Spotify), 54
Tay (Microsoft), 152
Taylorism, 32
technicity, 14, 153–54
technography, 60–61, 77, 151
technologies, interaction with, 96–97
“Terror of War” image controversy
see under Facebook news feed
thing-power, 120
Index
199