- The Nomos of the Cloud?
For Schmitt, the Monroe Doctrine symbolized an end of older Jus Publicum European system of international relations and operated in a parallel domain to that arrangement of Westphalian modules, one for which multiple political geographic ordering principles abut and overlap. In that, the League of Nations was explicitly “ excluded from asserting jurisdictional claims in the American Grossraum, i.e. the Western Hemisphere. ... The Western Hemisphere was excluded from the purview of the League, ” and so represented not only another pole of power competing with Europe but another political geographic mechanism altogether. At first the model it represented appealed strongly to Schmitt, and his “ advocation of a Gro ß raum world-view ... grew out of his admiration for the origins of the Monroe Doctrine, when it was a territorially delimited, hemispherical order. From economic origins, it had found continental coherence, but had then been distorted into a liberal, universal, spaceless policy of non-intervention. ” <sup>32</sup> The model it suggested of a hemispheric multipolar arrangement of geographically natural transnational domains gave way, however, to what was for him most dubious thing about twentieth-century globalization. In Schmitt ’ s positive vision for it, through the Monroe Doctrine, the United States is the sole sovereign in the Western Hemisphere and its will is fiat. The doctrine reintroduced transnational territorial lines of demarcation into the body of modern international law, infusing it not just according to population and land, or space and politics, but by “ land, people and idea, ” in opposition to liberal internationalism and “ Anglo-Saxon pseudo-universalism. ” <sup>33</sup> For the older Schmitt, both Wilsonian/United Nations globalism as well as Nazi Germany ’ s Lebensraum diluted a really “ genuine ” Grossraum solution, partially because both rejected true multipolarity and the coexistence of Grossr ä ume (plural) in a stable order.
The Nomos of the Cloud
31