The Stack On Software and Sovereignty · 第 416 页

1. The core parable is from Heidegger ’ s “ The Thing ” essay from 1950.

1. By contrast, with the connotation of both for Graham Harman, for example: Graham Harman, Toward Speculative Realism: Essays and Lectures (London: Zero Books, 2010). Whereas the veracity and value of Object-Oriented Ontology would be as true or false 1000 years ago as it is now, or as true or false or 1000 years in the future, the “ flat ” addressable terrain I discuss could only exist and function when a particular set of historically contingent technological substrates could make it so. It is mechanically flat, not ontologically flat.

1. This concept of global network topology is all but axiomatic after the work of Manuel Castells and Saskia Sassen, and after a thousand and one telecommunications and airline commercials showing arcing lines pinpointing senders and receivers over a rotating globe.

1. For readers with a Continental bent, the reference here may be to Jakob von Uexk ü ll, A Foray into the Worlds of Animals and Humans with a Theory of Meaning, trans. Joseph D. O ’ Neil (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2010; originally published 1934) while others may consider information theory in the context of quantitative biology. See, for example, John Avery ’ s introduction: Information Theory and Evolution (River Edge, NJ: World Scientific, 2003).

1. See the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) Foundation site at http://www.doi.org/. See IBM and Eurotech, “ MQTT V3.1 Protocol Specification, ” IBM, http://public.dhe.ibm.com/software/dw/ webservices/ws-mqtt/mqtt-v3r1.html.

1. Ben Edelman and Michael Schwarz of have modeled an auction market for scarce IPv4 addresses: “ Pricing and Efficiency in the Market for IP Addresses, ” Working Knowledge, November 3, 2011, http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/6849.html.

1. For an interesting perspective on this, especially as it relates to Internet mapping, see Kimberly Claffy, Ten Things Lawyers Should Know about the Internet (San Diego, CA: Cooperative Association for Internet Data Analysis, 2008), http://www.caida.org/publications/papers/2008/ lawyers\_top\_ten/lawyers\_top\_ten.pdf.

1. For an overview of IPv6 and the server-edge problem/opportunity, especially as related to early Internet models, see Jim Stogdill, “ IPv6 Day and the State of the Edge, ” O ’ Reilly Radar, June 6, 2012, http://radar.oreilly.com/2012/06/ipv6-internet-addresses-scarcity.html.

1. See Jorge Luis Borges, “ Library of Babel, ” in Labyrinths: Selected Stories and Other Writings, ed. Donald Alfred Yates and James E. Irby (London: Penguin, 1970; originally published 1941), 58 – 64. From the Wikipedia entry for “ The Library of Babel ” : “ The Library contains at least 25 ^1,312,000 books. (The average large library on Earth at the present time typically contains only several million volumes, i.e. on the order of about $1 0 ^ { 6 }$ books. The world’s largest library, the Library of Congress, has $2 . 1 8 \mathrm { ~ x ~ } 1 0 ^ { 7 }$ books.) Just one ‘ authentic ’ volume, together with all those variants containing only a handful of misprints, would occupy so much space that they would fill the known universe. ”

1. The theoretical space of IPv6 can be measured in a number of ways, many of which boggle the mind and none of which guarantee anything whatsoever about future implementation: 6.67 $1 0 ^ { 2 3 }$ IPv6 addresses per square meter of the surface of Earth, or $6 . 6 7 \cdot 1 0 ^ { 1 7 }$ per square millimeter, or $6 . 6 7 \cdot 1 0 ^ { 1 1 }$ per square micrometer. The image shown of an IPv6 address the size of a red blood cell seems tiny, but in principle, it is big enough to contain 1 trillion addresses according to that distribution. Imagine if every Google search received an individual IPv6 address. If we were to assign an individual address to 1,000 searches per day for all 7 billion people (or $2 . 5 6 \cdot 1 0 ^ { 1 5 }$ addressed searches per year), it would take $1 0 ^ { 2 3 }$ years to run out of addresses. The age of the entire universe since the Big Bang is only about ${ 1 0 } ^ { 9 }$ years. And so on. Thanks to Sean Crowe for helping to sketch out these figures.

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