City layer, designs for, 177
competition between, 50
component standardization, 47 – 48
control-decontrol paradox in, 46
decision-making, 44, 341 – 342
defined, 42, 328, 374, 383n4
diagrams ensnaring actors in, 44
economically sustainable, 48
etymology, 43
exchange value, 51
functions of, 19, 41, 119, 328, 342
future of, 117, 141 – 145, 244, 295, 315 – 316
genealogy of, 42
generic universality, 49
geography, 110 – 112
governing, 109, 119, 143
energy footprint, 82 – 83, 92 – 96, 106 – 107, 113, 140 – 141, 258 – 260, 303 – 304 forms taken, 4 – 5 future of, 351, 356 Google ’ s occupation of, 34 – 40 governance and, 27 jurisdictions, 357 limits to growth, 93 – 94 at microlevel of the object, 191 – 192 neoliberalism and, 21 physical world, relation to, 358 political geography and, 6, 11 real project of, 404n11 space of, 34 – 40, 303 technologies ’ alignment into, 4 – 5 urban design for, 160
Planetary Skin Institute, 88 – 90, 92, 97 – 98, 106, 180, 336, 392n42, 452n67
planetary supersurfaces, 188 – 189
planetary visualization, 452n69
Planet of the Apes, 182
planetology, comparative, 300 – 302, 333, 353 360
plan of action, 43, 342
platform architecture, ideal, 49 – 50
platform-as-state, 7 – 8, 42, 48 – 50, 120 – 123, 140, 295, 315 – 316, 319, 327, 335, 341
platform-based robotics, 138 – 139
platform cities, 183 – 189
platform design, 44, 48, 51
platform economics network value, 159 platform surplus value, 48, 137, 159, 309, 374 User platform value, 309, 375 – 376 User surplus, 48 value versus price, indexing of, 336
platforms accidents of, 51 authority, 57 autonomy, 136, 282, 339 centralization versus decentralization, 48 characteristics of, 47 – 51, 214
identity, 42
information mediated, 46
institutional forms, 44
introduction, 41 – 46
logic, 19, 44, 314
mechanics, 44 – 51
model-to-real correlation, 387n33
network effects, 48
neutrality, 44
origins, 46
overview of, 41 – 46
physicality and tactility of, 129 – 130
platform of platforms, 332 – 333
platform-within-a-platform principle, 284
plots in, 44
as remedy and poison, 5, 133
robotics, shift to, 362
service infrastructures, 116
as stacks, 7 – 8, 42 – 43
standardization, 44 – 46
theory, 41, 47
wars, 110, 123 – 125, 295
platform sovereignty activist stance on, 312 architectural surface interfaciality in, 166 – 167
Index
489