Capitalist System, (London, Pluto, 1992) p191.
54 See Rick Kuhn, Henryk Grossman and the Recovery of Marxism, pp138-148.
5 5 Henryk Grossman, The Law of Accumulation and the Breakdown of the Capitalist System, (London, Pluto, 1992) p76. Also Rick Kuhn, Henryk Grossman and the Recovery of Marxism, p85.
56 See, for instance, Marx, Capital, Volume Three, p241 .
57 Marx, Capital, Volume One, p360.
58 As above, p356.
59 As above.
60 For a very good presentation of this argument, see "Marx's Theory of Value", in Michael Kidron, Capitalism and Theory (London, Pluto, 1974), pp74-75.
61 K Marx and F Engels, The German Ideology, in Marx and Engels, Collected Works, Volume 5, p52.
62 See John Bellamy Foster, Marx's Ecology (New York, Monthly Review, 2000); Paul Burkett, Marx and Nature: A Red and Green Perspective (London, Palgrave, 1999).
63 Marx, Capital, Volume One, pl 77.
64 Marx, Capital, Volume Three, p792.
65 As above, p793.
66 Marx, Capital, Volume One, pp506-508.
67 Marx, Capital, Volume Three, p793.
68 F Engels, The Dialectics of Nature, in Marx and Engels, Collected Works, Volume 25, p461.
69 As above, p462.
70 As above, p463.
71 Marx, Capital, Volume One, p233.
72 Marx and Engels, Communist Manifesto, available at http://w.marxists.org/ archive/marx/works/1 848/communistmanifesto/chOl .htm
73 There were a few exceptions in the 20th century, most notably Joseph Schumpeter in his Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy (London, Allen & Unwin, 1943), but they nearly always owed a debt to Marx for their approach, even while trying to adjust his findings to justify capitalism rather than damn it.
74 For this reason, Marx does not only describe the law of value as functioning in an abstract model of commodity production in Chapter One of Volume One of Capital, but also as it functions at a more concrete level through the interplay of capitals in the chapter "Distribution Relations and Production Relations" in Volume Three of Capital (pp857-859).
Chapter Four: Beyond Marx: Monopoly, War and the State
1 Quoted in D M Gordon, "Up and Down the Long Roller Coaster", in Bruce Steinberg and others (eds), US Capitalism in Crisis, p23.
2 See "Figure 2: Net Returns on Capital in the UK, 1855-1914", in A J Arnold and Sean McCartney, "National Income Accounting and Sectoral Rates of Return on UK Risk-Bearing Capital, 1855-1914", November 2003, available at http://business-school.exeter.ac.uk/accountinglpapers/0302a.pdf
3 See the accounts in Gareth Stedman Jones, Outcast London (Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1991).
4 Frederick Engels, "Preface to the English Edition" ( 1 886) in Marx, Capital, Volume One, available at http://w.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/ 1 867-cl/p6.htm
5 For details and sources, see my book Explaining the Crisis, p52.
6 See, for Germany, G Bry, Wages in Germany 1 871-1945 (Princeton, 1960),
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