Strachey) 163
Nazi Germany, state planning 1 16; new investment 155
Needs of capitals and the needs of capitalism 314
Negri, Toni 93, 331, 333; see alsoHardt, Michael
Nehru, Jawaharlal 185
Nehruvian "socialism" 251
Neoclassical economists 14, 51; and value 26, 41; arguments against Marx 41; theory of market clearing 42
Neoclassical school of economics, 10, 14, 22, 23, 26, 47, 53, 144, 369; critique of Marx, 41-46; contradictions in, 42, 44; failure to explain crises 9, 56; Keynes and, 44-45, 162; theory of value 43; see also Marginalist school of economics
Neoliberal ideology in Global South 221
"Neoliberal" policies 240
Neo-populism 347
Net social wage in 1970s and 1980s 237-238 (graph) 237
New classical school 194
New Deal 154
New era of 1920s 144; and "new paradigm" of 1990s 236
New imperialism, similarities and differences with old imperialism 270-72, 253
"New paradigm" 229
New York Times on military contracts and global competitiveness 265
NGOs 342
Nixon, Richard, cuts US arms spending, ends "Bretton Woods" system 198
Non-productive expenditures, in capitalist competition 169; and slump of 1 930s 155
Northern Rock, toast of City dinner 287; nationalised 277
Notermans, Ton 164; quoted on Keynesianism not explaining long boom 195
Nove, Alex, quoted on Soviet growth 175
Nuclear weapons 269
Index
O'Connor, James, on role of welfare benefits for capital 174
O'Hara, Phillip 248
Obama, Barack, election campaign and climate change 313; first budget 327
Offe, Claus 1 10
Off-shoring, real role 336
Oil 183; crisis of 1973-4 1 84, 191; price and Soviet economy 207
Okishio's theorem 71, 73, theoretical refutation of 74-5; empirical refutation of 197
"Old boy" networks 109
Olympia & York 233
Ophelimity 43
Organic composition of capital, in Marx, 38; and technical advance 70; at end of 19th century 102; during long boom 168; in 1990s 234; in China in early 2000s 248
Organised capitalism, Hilferding's theory of 91
"Outsourcing" overseas, limits to scale of 262
Over-accumulation, under state capitalism 179; in USSR 177; overinvestment in China mid-2000s 248
Overproduction 61, 178; of telecoms bandwidth in 1990s 286; endemic according to Rosa Luxemburg 100
Overseas investment, during Cold War 181
Panic of November 2008 290
Pareto, Vilfredo 42, 43
Peak oil 31 8-20; implication over decades 319; does not counter climate change 320
Pearl Harbour 156
Peasantry 346-9; persistence of in Asia and Africa 346; differentiation within 347, 348; doing nonagricultural labour 332; Chinese 243
Peasants and Proletarians: the struggles of Third World workers (Robin Cohen, Peter C W Gutkind, Phyllis Brazier) 344
Pensions, Germany under Bismarck 88; during long boom 174
Pentagon, report on global insecurity resulting from climate change 328
417