More productive companies and industries produce more commodities per hour than the average company or industry. Reasons can for example be specific organisation and management methods that make the workers produce faster, the use of more efficient machines, or more skilful workers. The value of the single commodity will therefore be lower than the average commodity. If the more productively produced commodity is sold at an average price, then more profit tends to be achieved. More use-values have then been created per hour and therefore yield more profit. More developed productive forces in one industry allow the workers in it or in a company belonging to it to produce more use-values in less time than others. Increasing productivity means the creation of more or qualitatively richer use-values and potentially also profit per hour. The more productive industries can reduce their labour costs and investment costs. As a consequence, they can increase the share of profit in the price and the share of surplus labour-time in the total labour-time. Companies producing less productively have problems to compete. In order to try to catch up, they have to reduce the labour costs so that their rate of surplus-value increases and they can still yield some profit when selling at the prices set by the more competitive companies.
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