Formation of Men's Attitudes (New York: Alfred A. Knopf,1968). Hans Fritzsche, "Dr. Goebbels und sein Ministerium,"inHans HeinzMantau-Sadlia, Deutsche Führer Deutsches Schicksal. Das Buch der Künder und Führer des dritten Reiches (Munich: Verlag Max Steinebach,1934) 330-42, http://research.calvin.edu/german-propaganda -archive/goeb62.htm.
- Andrew Defty, Britain, America and Anti-Communist Propaganda 1945-53: The Information Research Department (New York: Routledge, 2oo4); Joseph D. Douglass Jr., Soviet MilitaryStrategy in Europe (New York: Pergamon Press, 1981).For a discussion on First Amendment jurisprudence and its effects, see Tamara R. Piety, Brandishing the First Amendment: Commercial Expression in America (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2012).
第10章注意力霸主——电视
I.Gary Edgerton, The Columbia History of American Television (NewYork: Columbia University Press, 2007), 113.
- Hugo Münsterberg, The Photoplay: A Psychological Study (New York: Appleton, 1916) I53.
- See Vittorio Gallese and Michele Guerra, Lo schermo empatico: Cinema e neuroscienze (Milan: Raffaello Cortina Editore, 2015).
- Bianca Bradbury,"Is Television Mama's Friend or Foe?," Good Housekeeping, November 1950, 263–64.
- Calder Willingham, "Television: Giant in the Living Room," American Mercury, February1952.
6.Erik Barnouw, Tube of Plenty: The Evolution of American Television (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), 103.
- Reuven Frank, Out of Thin Air: The Brief Wonderful Life of Network News (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991), 33.
- Jack Gould, "Radio and Television: Edward R. Murrow's News Review See It Now Demonstrates Journalistic Power of Video,"New York Times, November 19, 1951, 26.
- For more informationonMurrow's and Friendly's coverage of McCarthy and the Red Scare, see Ralph Engelman, Friendlyvision: Fred Friendly and the Rise and Fall of Television Journalism (New York: Columbia University Press, 2o09).
1o. For more on the rise of CBS and the intense competition it faced in the programmingindustry, see David Halberstam, The Powers That Be (New York: Knopf, 1979), 417.
II.Jacques Ellul, "The Characteristics of Propaganda," in Readings in Propaganda and Persuasion, ed. Garth S. Jowett and Victoria O'Donnell (Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications,2oo6). Ellul discusses how individual spectators of mass media, though "diffused and not assembled at one point," become a mass that maybe subject to propaganda.
- Jerry Mander,Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television (New York: William Morrow, 1978), 26. Mander, a former advertising executive, was critical of the many problems of television that were inherent to the medium itself.
- The remark likely first made in 1955 and later appeared in Confessions of an Advertising Man, in which Ogilvy wrote a "how-to-succeed" in advertising guide for future generations. See David Ogilvy, Confessions of an Advertising Man (New York: Atheneum, 1963), 96.
- For more information on the Anacin campaign, see "Anacin,"AdvertisingAge, last modi-
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