Marx and the Concept of Historical Time · 第 160 页

⁷⁴ Negri, ‘The Constitution of Time’, 42.

⁷⁵ The displacement of the labour theory of value is at the heart of Hardt and Negri’s well-known, and much maligned, ‘trilogy’: Empire (2000), Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire (2004), and Commonwealth (2009).

⁷⁶ This is simply a summary of the first section of the first chapter of ‘The Constitution of Time’, which Negri entitles ‘Time-as-measure and productive time’, but the fact is that this section grounds Negri’s broader critique of the labour theory of value. See Negri, ‘The Constitution of Time’, 23-9. ⁷⁷ Marx, Capital 1, 135.

⁷⁸ Negri, ‘The Constitution of Time’, 24.

⁷⁹ Ibid. 27. If ‘time-as-measure’ remains, it is only ‘in the flow between labour and time. A continuous time. A tautological time.’ Ibid.

⁸⁰ Ibid. 29. Negri’s work in this period paved the way for analyses of what has become variously known as ‘immaterial labour’, ‘cognitive capitalism’ and ‘affective labour’. See, for instance, Paolo Virno, ‘General Intellect’, Historical Materialism 15:3 (2007), 3-8, as well as Carlo Vercellone, ‘From Formal Subsumption to General Intellect: Elements for a Marxist Reading of the Thesis of Cognitive Capitalism’, Historical Materialism 15:1 (2007), 13-36, which argues that Marx’s use of the expression ‘general intellect’ marks a new historical stage of development ‘after’ formal and real subsumption.

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