<sup>110</sup> Marx and Engels, GI, 82.
<sup>111</sup> Like ‘labour in general’, the category of ‘class’ is the creation of abstract labour and the valorisationprocess, for how else is the surplus product yielded by ‘surplus-labour’, in capitalism or any other mode of production, imaginable in isolation from abstract labour and the valorisation-process? This dovetails with, even as it is not the immediate context of, Marx and Engels’s assertion in The German Ideology that ‘the emergence of the class…is itself a product of the bourgeoisie.’ Ibid. 84. This does not mean that the separation of the means of production from the producers is not a condition of abstract labour and the valorisation-process, but it does mean that the latter are the condition of thinking the former as constitutive of ‘classes’.
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