32 Dyer-Witheford, "E-Capital and the Many-Headed Hydra;' 142.
33 The answer to Mark Poster's question, "Can capitalism still justify itself when the consumer is already a producer?" is thus yesj capitalism has always relied on extracting value from and through consumption. See Poster, What's the Matter with the Internet?, 48.
34 Gamson, "Gay Media, Inc.;' 259.
35 Ibid., 26o.
36 Ibid., 270-71.
37 Sunstein condenses deliberation into a simple matter of information in lnfotopia.
38 Graham, Democracy by Disclosure, 140.
39 Shirky, "Is Social Software Bad for the Dean Campaign?"
40 Freud, "Fetishism," 152-58.
41 I draw from Zizek's elucidation of a concept introduced by Claude Levi-Strauss. See Zizek, Enjoy Your Symptom!, 221-23.
42 See Zizek, ·�erword: Lenin's Choice," 181.
43 Laclau, Emancipations, 38.
44 Rogers, "The Issue Has Left the Building:
45 Patelis, "£-Mediation by America Online:'
46 See, for example, Sunstein, Republic.com 2.0.
47 Wark's vision of two great hostile classes of hackers and vectoralists is an \_ important exception to this tend\_ency. See A Hacker Manifesto.
48 For example, see Kahn and Kellner, "Oppositional Politics and the Internet:'
49 Boyd, "The Web Rewires the Movement," 14.
50 Ibid., 16.
Two Free Trade
1 As Wendy Brown argues, neoliberalism "is a constructivist project: it does not presume the ontological givenness of a thoroughgoing economic rationality for all domains of society but rather tal<es as its task the development, dissemination, and institutionalization of such a rationality;' "Neoliberalism and the End ofLibt;!ral Democracy;' n.p.
2 For a detailed account, see Dean, Zizek's Politics, chapter 1.
Zizek discusses enjoyment as an ideological factor throughout his work For a summary, see Zizek's Politics, chapter 1.
4 On neoliberalism and corporations, see Pollin, Contours of Descent. On neoliberalism and globalization and imperialism, see Colas, "Neoliberalism, Globalisation and International Relations;' and Radice, "Neoliberal Globalization: Irperialism without Empires?" On neoliberalism and class power, see Dumenil and Levy, Capital Resurgent, and Harvey, A Brief History of Neoliberalism. On neoliberalism and govemmentality, see Lemke, '' 'The Birth ofBiopolitics; " and
182
NOTES T O CHAPTER TWO