- this network effect: Carl Shapiro and Hal R. Varian, Information Rules: A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 1999), 173 et seq.
- business dynamism, driven by innovative disruptors: Ryan A. Decker, John Haltiwanger, Ron S. Jarmin, and Javier Miranda, "Declining Dynamism, Allocative Efficiency, and the Productivity Slowdown," Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2017-019, https://doi.org/10.17016/FEDS.2017.019.
- antitrust case againstGoogle in Europe: See, e.g., Benjamin Edelmann, “Does Google Leverage Market Power Through Tying and Bundling?" Journal of Competition Law and Economics11, no.2 (2015), 365- 400, https://doi.org/10.1093/joclec/nhv016.
- go beyond regulating anticompetitive behavior: Ariel Ezrachi and Maurice E. Stucke, Virtual Competition: The Promise and Perils of the Algorithm-Driven Economy (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2016); see also Maurice Stucke and Allen Grunes, Big Data and Competition Policy (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016).
- economists . . . offer an intriguing idea: Jens Pr ü fer and Christoph Schottm ü ller, "Competing with BigData," February 16, 2017, TILEC Discussion Paper 2017-006, available at http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2918726; this extends an idea originally suggested in C é dric Argenton and Jens Prü fer, "Search Engine Competition with Network Externalities,"Journal of Competition Law and Economics 8 (2012), 73- 105, https://pure.uvt.nl/portal/files/1373523/ search\_engines.pdf.
- Homogeneity of the systems we employ: We see similar prob- lems emerge with crops and fruits lacking genetic variety, such as the conventional banana (the “Cavendish" ) that is threatened by its vulnerability to a dangerous fungus; see, e.g., “A Future with No Bananas?" NewScientist, May 13, 2006, https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn9152-a-future-withno-bananas.
数据资本时代
250