{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"021891ed-c649-4b38-aee1-9249a053f447","title":"倦怠社会","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787521704693","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"021891ed-c649-4b38-aee1-9249a053f447","id":"021891ed-c649-4b38-aee1-9249a053f447","uuid":"021891ed-c649-4b38-aee1-9249a053f447","title":"倦怠社会","normalized_title":"倦怠社会","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787521704693","isbns":["9787521704693","0120192519"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":118,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/021891ed-c649-4b38-aee1-9249a053f447","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%80%A6%E6%80%A0%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/021891ed-c649-4b38-aee1-9249a053f447/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/021891ed-c649-4b38-aee1-9249a053f447/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/021891ed-c649-4b38-aee1-9249a053f447","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/021891ed-c649-4b38-aee1-9249a053f447/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/021891ed-c649-4b38-aee1-9249a053f447/search"},"page":{"printed_page":81,"pdf_page":86,"physical_index":86,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"d37dc3a27764cb835af4f226fb1d1dc029c9ce75f5d92993e556fa3780cdd7d0"},"chapter":"Müdigkeitsgesellschaft","content":"在规训社会向功绩社会的转型过程中，超我被积极化为理想的自我。超我是压抑性的。它的主要功能是发布禁令。超我具有“严厉、残酷、压倒性的约束力”，以及“严酷的限制和无情的禁令”，并以此控制自我。有别于压抑性的超我，理想的自我富有魅惑性。功绩主体按照理想的自我形象构造自身，而规训主体则屈从于超我。构造和屈从是两种不同的存在状态。超我产生了一种否定的约束。与之相反，理想的自我对个体形成一种积极的压力。超我的否定性限制了自我的自由。按照理想自我去建构自身则被视作一种自由之举。自我被困在一个永远无法达到的理想自我之中，因此变得日益消沉疲惫。由于真实自我和理想自我之间存在鸿沟，从而产生了一种自我攻击。\n\n现代晚期的功绩主体不屈服于任何人。事实上，他已经不再是一个主体，因为主体的根本属性即是屈从（subject to）。他把自我积极化，解放自我，使其成为一个建设项目。从主体转化为项目却没有消除束缚。曾经来自他者的约束如今变为自我约束，后者却伪装成自由。这一发展变化同资本主义生产关系存在密切关联。当生产力达到一定程度时，自我剥削比他者剥削更有效率，功能更加强大，因为自我剥削伴随着一种自由的感觉。功绩社会是自我剥削的社会。功绩主体不断剥削自我，直至精力枯竭。他发展出一种自我攻击，并往往以自我毁灭为终结。建构自我的项目(Projekt)如同一枚子弹(Projektil)，功绩主体开枪瞄准自身。\n\n81\n\n倦怠社会","previous_page":80,"next_page":82}