{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3","title":"[数字经济前沿]技术封建主义","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300328508","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3","id":"06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3","uuid":"06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3","title":"[数字经济前沿]技术封建主义","normalized_title":"数字经济前沿技术封建主义","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300328508","isbns":["9787300328508"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":259,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%5B%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%89%8D%E6%B2%BF%5D%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%B0%81%E5%BB%BA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3/search"},"page":{"printed_page":122,"pdf_page":162,"physical_index":162,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"e539d8eefe1806a9b88973a3655d45f2bcf0bba1e3c0227e6be3d1abc7ae0f51"},"chapter":"第二章","content":"20世纪90年代，电子商务刚刚起步，这些信息不对称问题几乎成为电子商务发展不可逾越的障碍。与店内购物不同，在网上购买商品之前不可能对商品进行检查、触摸或称重，也无法核实卖家的身份。诚然，法律制度规定了对欺诈者和诈骗者的制裁，但诉诸这些制裁的成本很高。在日常生活中，信任首先通过反复沟通、密切联系和长期积累建立起来。虽然互联网的兴起有望通过降低沟通成本来极大地扩展交易范围，但并不能保证交易中必不可少的信任也会随之建立。要激活这些新的经济联系，就必须发明一种与新媒介相适应的信任载体。如果没有这样一种机制，就会像阿克洛夫的例子一样，“柠檬”将好车挤出二手车市场，骗局的泛滥也会使网上市场枯竭。\n\n易趣（eBay）最先找到了解决方案，那就是基于代理人互评的声誉系统。①用户受邀对他人留下正面、负面或中性评价。这些信号会被汇总并转化为分数和好评率。买家和卖家还可以撰写公开评论。最后，星级系统对交易的不同方面进行详细评估。这些关于交易质量的反馈工具对交易双方有着长期的影响，超出了单笔交易的范围。引入这种系统的目的是鼓励各方不要采取机会主义行为，不要利用信息不对称为自己谋利。换句话说，通过公开承认卖方的良好行为，鼓励卖方按承诺和公布的条件出售商品。这种基准的引入使潜在买家能够在与卖家交易之前了解他过去的行为。在过去交易反馈的滋养下，声誉成为一种强大的激励机制，匿名也能促进信任。\n\n技术封建主义\n\n① Steven TADELIS, «Reputation and feedback systems in online platform markets» , Annual Review of Economics, vol. 8, n° 1, 2016, p. 332.\n\n122","previous_page":121,"next_page":123}