{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3","title":"[数字经济前沿]技术封建主义","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300328508","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3","id":"06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3","uuid":"06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3","title":"[数字经济前沿]技术封建主义","normalized_title":"数字经济前沿技术封建主义","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300328508","isbns":["9787300328508"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":259,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%5B%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%89%8D%E6%B2%BF%5D%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%B0%81%E5%BB%BA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3/search"},"page":{"printed_page":160,"pdf_page":200,"physical_index":200,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"ee434252cc11c382428493b29d61e6357beff62b3661017fdd41f82b3bdb7c75"},"chapter":"第四章","content":"技术封建主义\n\n基本问题—为什么中世纪的经济无法提高生产力？勒罗伊·拉杜里提到了资本、企业家精神和创新的缺乏，但没有指出这些缺乏的根源。这正是布伦纳强调的一点，他从农民和领主之间的关系角度来解释经济动态。以下是他的论述：\n\n马尔萨斯式的长期停滞循环……只能被充分理解为阶级结构和阶级关系（尤其是“榨取经济剩余的关系”）的结果，正如经济发展只能被充分理解为新的阶级关系的出现更有利于新的生产组织形式、技术创新和生产性投资水平的提高一样。①\n\n换句话说，是阶级结构决定了人口或商业变化如何影响收入分配和经济发展的长期变化，而不是反过来。在布伦纳看来，有两个因素可以解释马尔萨斯式的富裕与贫困循环往复的陷阱。②\n\n第一个因素是领主对剩余的强夺。农民只剩下仅够生存的钱，无法投资以改善土壤质量，甚至连保护土壤质量都做不到。在领主以实物或货币形式收费的重压下，农民没有足够的资源来积累这些费用。牲畜问题在这里至关重要，获得牲畜有助于耕地和肥沃土壤，从而提高生产力。但在粮食短缺的情况下，恰恰因为在放牧的土地上种植庄稼，才加剧了产量的下降，加剧了人口危机。\n\n① Robert BRENNER, «Agrarian class structure and economic development in preindustrial Europe», loc. cit., p. 37.\n\n② Robert BRENNER, «Agrarian class structure and economic development in preindustrial Europe», loc. cit., p. 47 – 51.\n\n160","previous_page":159,"next_page":161}