{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3","title":"[数字经济前沿]技术封建主义","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300328508","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3","id":"06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3","uuid":"06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3","title":"[数字经济前沿]技术封建主义","normalized_title":"数字经济前沿技术封建主义","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300328508","isbns":["9787300328508"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":259,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%5B%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%89%8D%E6%B2%BF%5D%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%B0%81%E5%BB%BA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3/search"},"page":{"printed_page":169,"pdf_page":209,"physical_index":209,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"4bbb02c298031983ae2ef00657a346b13d494159a0ade87948cd5a30d2f900db"},"chapter":"第四章","content":"力的机器和工具。\n\n自给自足的趋势，即对市场的有限利用，是阻碍奴隶社会生产力提高的第三个因素。奴隶主有兴趣长期使用奴隶，而不是仅仅在棉花或甘蔗种植最繁忙的时节。因此，奴隶们还受雇从事其他工作，如种植玉米、养猪或者制作或修理物品，这样种植园在很大程度上就能自给自足，尤其在粮食方面。缺乏对生产资料的投资，再加上消费品的需求不足，往往会阻碍分工的深化和本地产业国内市场的扩大。不仅种植园的生产力停滞不前，当地经济也失去了出路。\n\n直到11世纪左右，自给自足的原则对于领地的运作仍然至关重要。杜比写道：“主人的理想是从他们的土地上获取满足他们所有需求的东西，并‘确保无须’从别处获取或购买任何东西。”①这是后来封建农民的真实写照，大体上也是小农的真实写照。\n\n当领地的赋税负担减轻，农民变得更加独立时，直接生产者就拥有了超出其生存所需的资源。于是，他们按照自给自足的逻辑，通过扩大自己的活动范围来利用这些剩余以满足新的需要，而不是为了交换而投资改进生产过程。\n\n为什么满足内部需求的原则优先于生产效率原则？很简单因为自我生产比交换的风险更小。当生产者能够直接获得维持生计的手段时，他们就不会被迫遵守市场纪律及其不确定性。\n\n第四章 技术封建主义假说\n\n① Georges DUBY, L'Économie rurale et la vie des campagnes dans l'Occident médiéval, op. cit., p. 115.\n\n169","previous_page":168,"next_page":170}