{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3","title":"[数字经济前沿]技术封建主义","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300328508","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3","id":"06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3","uuid":"06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3","title":"[数字经济前沿]技术封建主义","normalized_title":"数字经济前沿技术封建主义","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300328508","isbns":["9787300328508"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":259,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%5B%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%89%8D%E6%B2%BF%5D%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%B0%81%E5%BB%BA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3/search"},"page":{"printed_page":179,"pdf_page":219,"physical_index":219,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"e82816f965589ead6c820e977e5229ea7841d67a4a0264da1269183e6c12968a"},"chapter":"第四章","content":"在数字领域，数字资源与自然资源之间存在着巨大的差异。与土地的绝对稀缺性关联的垄断被收益递减所抵消，而对原始数字数据的垄断则因规模经济和网络互补性而加倍。②一旦数据收集和处理的固定成本得到满足，数字服务的有用效果几乎可以无成本地利用。为了理解真实竞争的波动逻辑，安瓦尔·沙伊赫提出了“监管资本”的概念。③这一概念指的是在特定时期特定行业最佳可复制生产条件下运作的资本。这种资本受益于最有利的单位成本水平，并能在同样有利的条件下继续增长。\n\n在回报率不断下降的采矿业或农业中，监管资本面临着高于平均成本的单位成本。剩下的投资机会不如已经在运作的投资机会有吸引力。例如，从沙特阿拉伯油田开采石油的成本约为每桶4美元，而最近从艾伯塔省焦油砂中开采石油的成本为每桶40美元。相反，就汽车业等制造业而言，新工厂采用了更高效的技术，使其单位成本低于现有工厂。\n\n第四章 技术封建主义假说\n\n① IEA, Data Centres and Data Transmission Networks, International Energy Agency，Paris，2022.然而，从温室气体排放和与材料有关的污染两方面来看，整个行业 对环境的负面影响越来越大，令人担忧。参见：Charlotte FREITAG et al.，«The real climate and transformative impact of ICT: a critique of estimates, trends, and regulations», Patterns 2, n° 9, 2021; Fabrice FLIPO, La Numérisation du monde: Un désastre écologique, L'Échappée, Paris, 2021。\n\n②收益递减原则指生产要素的边际收益递减的情况。相反，规模经济指的是活动量增加导致效率提高的情况，一般是由于固定成本的摊销。\n\n③ Anwar Shaikh, Capitalism, op. cit., p. 265 - 267.\n\n179","previous_page":178,"next_page":180}