{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3","title":"[数字经济前沿]技术封建主义","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300328508","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3","id":"06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3","uuid":"06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3","title":"[数字经济前沿]技术封建主义","normalized_title":"数字经济前沿技术封建主义","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300328508","isbns":["9787300328508"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":259,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%5B%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%89%8D%E6%B2%BF%5D%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%B0%81%E5%BB%BA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3/search"},"page":{"printed_page":204,"pdf_page":244,"physical_index":244,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"10c9a696dc180c4c2b1baa2eecb737313a7dbba94ffd3df6adda9000549bc5fb"},"chapter":"第四章","content":"技术封建主义\n\n20世纪80年代以来，美国的竞争政策一直以芝加哥学派的学说为主。这是一种对大公司非常有利的立场，因为该学派认为，公共当局在竞争领域的干预往往是有害的，因此这种干预应被严格限制在对消费者的损害已被明确证实的情况下。该学派的领军人物之一理查德·波斯纳（Richard Posner）总结了他们的论点：\n\n一般来说，公司不能通过单边行动获得或加强垄断力量。当然，除非它们采取非理性行动，宁愿牺牲利润也要巩固统治地位。因此，反垄断法不应关注单边行为，而应重点关注卡特尔，以及足以直接形成垄断……或促成垄断化的横向兼并。①\n\n显然，波斯纳主要关注非法卡特尔。至于其他问题，他建议相信竞争的力量—无论是实际的力量还是潜在的力量。公共当局尤其不应关注“单边行动”，也就是说，不应该主要关注两件事：掠夺性定价和垂直一体化。\n\n掠夺性定价是一种战略，即占统治地位的公司试图通过低于生产成本的价格将竞争对手赶出市场。在波斯纳看来，这是一种注定要失败的战略：“掠夺者在掠夺期间损失了金钱，如果它以后试图通过提高价格来挽回损失，就会有新的公司进入市场，这样价格就会降到竞争水平，从而无法挽回掠夺阶段的损失。”①简而言之，这种博弈不值得一试，因为潜在的掠夺者每次都会失败。\n\n① Richard A. POSNER, «The Chicago School of antitrust analysis», University of Pennsylvania Law Review, n° 127, 1979, p. 928.\n\n204","previous_page":203,"next_page":205}