{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3","title":"[数字经济前沿]技术封建主义","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300328508","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3","id":"06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3","uuid":"06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3","title":"[数字经济前沿]技术封建主义","normalized_title":"数字经济前沿技术封建主义","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300328508","isbns":["9787300328508"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":259,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%5B%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%89%8D%E6%B2%BF%5D%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%B0%81%E5%BB%BA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/06dd97ec-cce5-45df-9acf-40e36f07dab3/search"},"page":{"printed_page":35,"pdf_page":75,"physical_index":75,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"aa6fb20eec232db60b9c65920d2b4a3c6db6d8f40657427f2d2f91451419fac3"},"chapter":"第一章","content":"社会化的历史趋势。尽管信息通信技术是经济结构去中心化的一个持久影响因素这一论点与过去二十年左右观察到的整合相矛盾，但其他因素也说明了20世纪末影响生产结构的剧变。长波的创造性破坏阶段、国际竞争的加剧、金融业的兴起和管制的放松都是20世纪70年代中期到世纪之交这段时期的特征。“硅谷共识”的支持者们认为的新技术经济制度的固有特征—初创企业超越昔日领军企业的能力、通过降低交易成本释放企业家的能量，以及产品多样化与经济单位小型化之间的密切关系不过是沉淀期的过渡特征。然而，自世纪之交以来，这些现实已被冲淡，并逐渐让位于新的垄断。\n\n近年来，以爱彼迎（Airbnb）和优步为代表的新平台不断涌现，但我们不能因此而误认为20世纪90年代的创业活力已经消退。从美国开始，出现了一股强劲的整合趋势。进入和退出市场的公司数量急剧下降，在证券交易所上市的公司数量减少了一半，公司平均规模扩大，大多数行业的销售更加集中①所有这些指标都表明经济结构正在重新走向垄断。国际货币基金组织的一项研究表明，在发达经济体的大多数行业中，公司的市场力量都在增强。①研究强调，从1980年至2016年间，利润率增长了39%，其中大部分发生在2000年之后，这与盈利能力和集中度的提高有关，这证实利润率的上升反映了企业市场力量的增强。另一个启示是，这一总体趋势主要由少数几家公司推动，这些公司的收入、利润率和盈利能力都大幅上升。超级公司崛起的假说最早出现在美国②，现在似乎已成为富裕国家的普遍现象。\n\n第一章 加州意识形态的苦难\n\n① Ryan A. DECKER et al., «Where has all the skewness gone? The decline in highgrowth (young) firms in the US», European Economic Review, vol. 86, n° C, 2016, p. 4- 23; Ryan A. DECKER et al., «Declining business dynamism: what we know and the way forward», American Economic Review, vol. 106, n° 5, 2016, p. 203-207; Gustavo GRULLON. Yelena LARKIN et Roni MICHAELY, «The disappearance of public firms and the changing nature of US industries. Are US industries becoming more concentrated?», Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper, n° 19-41, 2015; Kathleen KAHLE et René M. STULZ. « Is the US public corporation in trouble ?», NBER Working Paper, n° w2285J, 2016; Cédric DURAND et Maxime GUEUDER, «The investment-profit nexus in an era of financialisation. globalisation and monopolisation. A profit-centred perspective», Review of Political Economy, vol. 30, n° 2, 2018. p. 126-153.\n\n035","previous_page":34,"next_page":36}