{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"07d591c2-0f4c-45ac-a1d7-103c4807db8f","title":"数字经济：内涵与路径","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787521745023","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"07d591c2-0f4c-45ac-a1d7-103c4807db8f","id":"07d591c2-0f4c-45ac-a1d7-103c4807db8f","uuid":"07d591c2-0f4c-45ac-a1d7-103c4807db8f","title":"数字经济：内涵与路径","normalized_title":"数字经济内涵与路径","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787521745023","isbns":["9787521745023"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":361,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/07d591c2-0f4c-45ac-a1d7-103c4807db8f","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%EF%BC%9A%E5%86%85%E6%B6%B5%E4%B8%8E%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%84","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/07d591c2-0f4c-45ac-a1d7-103c4807db8f/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/07d591c2-0f4c-45ac-a1d7-103c4807db8f/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/07d591c2-0f4c-45ac-a1d7-103c4807db8f","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/07d591c2-0f4c-45ac-a1d7-103c4807db8f/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/07d591c2-0f4c-45ac-a1d7-103c4807db8f/search"},"page":{"printed_page":149,"pdf_page":148,"physical_index":148,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"7c658a2ed0cdb4c5cd0c41efdb57695df3c99401ac2a8a810f2c6c363b372a39"},"chapter":"第四章数字生产关系","content":"土地要素市场化方面。市场机制对城乡土地配置的作用发挥还不充分。首先，城乡土地二元分割特征依然突出，农村土地征收、集体经营性建设用地入市、宅基地流转改革需要加快，国有土地和农村集体土地同地不同权情况还比较明显。其次，土地使用结构不合理，国有土地一级市场由政府控制，主要用于保障经济社会的基础设施需求和基本生产性需求，城市的生活生态用地特别是住房用地的供应比重偏低。再次，建设用地急需盘活存量资源、提高存量土地效率。最后，土地取得和保有环节征税过低，而在流转环节，契税、营业税、印花税等整体税率过高。\n\n劳动力要素市场化方面。首先，既有的户籍管理制度使得外来就业人员在就业准入、社会保障、子女教育、医疗等方面的利益得不到保障，亟须做合理变革。其次，劳动力市场供需不匹配，产业工人、生产性人员的巨大需求无法得到满足，高校毕业生就业形势依然严峻，灵活就业需要政策和制度的引导扶持。最后，劳动力的高层次开发不够，还未能利用大数据、人工智能、区块链等数字技术开发可信的人才评价体系，人才的创新能力释放远远不够。\n\n资本要素市场化方面。首先，多层次资本市场体系仍过度依赖银行体系间接融资的融资结构，直接融资与间接融资不协调的状况未得到根本性改变。其次，金融市场体制机制仍不完善，服务实体经济的功能未充分得以发挥，支持和服务“三农”及中小微企业的能力体系仍有待进一步改善。再次，金融机构市场化退出机制和金融要素市场定价机制不完善，市场化约束机制和违约风险承担机制不健全。复次，金融市场基础设施、金融市场自律机制、相关法规体系仍有待完善，双向开放程度仍有待提高。最后，金融市场的中国特色理论尚未形成，需要在中国改革开放实践和新技术潮流基础上尽快创新。\n\n技术要素市场化方面。首先，缺乏全面设定技术市场各类主体在技术转移中的权利、义务和责任的法律法规。职务科技成果的使用、收\n\n149","previous_page":148,"next_page":150}