{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"0cf5c9df-7116-426e-ae21-ce72b2ccbe50","title":"Pressed for Time The Acceleration of Life in Digital Capitalism","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9780226196473","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"0cf5c9df-7116-426e-ae21-ce72b2ccbe50","id":"0cf5c9df-7116-426e-ae21-ce72b2ccbe50","uuid":"0cf5c9df-7116-426e-ae21-ce72b2ccbe50","title":"Pressed for Time The Acceleration of Life in Digital Capitalism","normalized_title":"pressedfortimetheaccelerationoflifeindigitalcapitalism","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9780226196473","isbns":["9780226196473","9780226196503"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":228,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/0cf5c9df-7116-426e-ae21-ce72b2ccbe50","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Pressed%20for%20Time%20The%20Acceleration%20of%20Life%20in%20Digital%20Capitalism","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/0cf5c9df-7116-426e-ae21-ce72b2ccbe50/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/0cf5c9df-7116-426e-ae21-ce72b2ccbe50/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/0cf5c9df-7116-426e-ae21-ce72b2ccbe50","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/0cf5c9df-7116-426e-ae21-ce72b2ccbe50/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/0cf5c9df-7116-426e-ae21-ce72b2ccbe50/search"},"page":{"printed_page":119,"pdf_page":131,"physical_index":131,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"cc05fc3292813618ed3001098057b3ba746b36cf32a7f7a6e624f7490d7bedd1"},"chapter":"Pressed for Time","content":"Consistent with the cross-national findings above, Australian women are predominantly responsible for the routine housework of food preparation, cleaning, and laundry. Men spend more time on home, car and lawn maintenance, and outdoor jobs than on laundry and cleaning put together. Domestic appliances thus enter a domain heavily signified in terms of traditional sex roles.\n\nOwning appliances makes little diference. Despite the microwave’s capacity to cook food in a fraction of the time needed by conventional stoves, owning a microwave has no significant efect on the time-use patterns of women, even when the number of meals out is held constant. Nor does the deep freezer’s ability to harvest economies of scale in meal production significantly reduce the average time that women devote either to meal preparation or to housework overall. Even dishwashers appear to have no efect on either the time women spend in food preparation and cleanup or in the daily hours they devote to housework. Owning a clothes dryer actually increased the time women spend doing laundry. However, some kitchen appliances, such as dishwashers and deep freezers, lead to reductions in men’s housework time. Only a lawn mower or edge-trimmer increases the time men devote to the traditionally male tasks of lawn care.\n\nThese paradoxical efects, whereby inventions deliberately designed to save labor fail to do so, or even do the opposite, take some explaining.\n\nWe saw how, in the first half of the twentieth century, technological innovations spurred radical changes in the ways that people behaved. As appliances became widely difused and accepted as necessary and normal, they altered the patterns and practices of life within households. Key here is the idea of rising standards in domestic production. The concept of rising standards implies a greater quantity or quality of domestic production—for example, more or better meals, cleaner clothes, and more attractive lawns. In other words, it may be that appliances are being used to increase output rather than to reduce the time spent on housework.\n\nAn indication of this is that one-third of all UK energy is now consumed in homes. The electricity consumption of domestic appliances has increased by 144 percent since 1970, largely due to the use of fridges and freezers, dishwashers, tumble dryers, washing machines, and other consumer electronics.17 Energy use associated with cooking in the home is the only form of domestic energy consumption to have declined since 1970—a consequence of more people eating out. Water consumption within the home has increased by 70 percent over the last thirty years, and around 29 percent of domestic energy is used for heating water. Indeed, in 2010, domestic consumption was 32 percent of total UK final energy consumption, an increase of 31 percent since 1970. Kitchens and bathrooms in particular have become hot spots of resource consumption, reflecting changes in the way people wash, prepare meals, clean dishes and socialize.\n\nDoing Domestic Time\n\n119","previous_page":118,"next_page":120}