{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"0cf5c9df-7116-426e-ae21-ce72b2ccbe50","title":"Pressed for Time The Acceleration of Life in Digital Capitalism","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9780226196473","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"0cf5c9df-7116-426e-ae21-ce72b2ccbe50","id":"0cf5c9df-7116-426e-ae21-ce72b2ccbe50","uuid":"0cf5c9df-7116-426e-ae21-ce72b2ccbe50","title":"Pressed for Time The Acceleration of Life in Digital Capitalism","normalized_title":"pressedfortimetheaccelerationoflifeindigitalcapitalism","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9780226196473","isbns":["9780226196473","9780226196503"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":228,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/0cf5c9df-7116-426e-ae21-ce72b2ccbe50","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Pressed%20for%20Time%20The%20Acceleration%20of%20Life%20in%20Digital%20Capitalism","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/0cf5c9df-7116-426e-ae21-ce72b2ccbe50/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/0cf5c9df-7116-426e-ae21-ce72b2ccbe50/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/0cf5c9df-7116-426e-ae21-ce72b2ccbe50","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/0cf5c9df-7116-426e-ae21-ce72b2ccbe50/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/0cf5c9df-7116-426e-ae21-ce72b2ccbe50/search"},"page":{"printed_page":65,"pdf_page":77,"physical_index":77,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"01afa44286feb13dbaf15f09cc6738d31d1dca174936f325b44f44c6fb4eae33"},"chapter":"Pressed for Time","content":"Indeed, between 1965 and 2010, when over one-third of Americans felt rushed, their free time had actually increased.11 Using data from time diaries, the most direct and reliable methods of measuring free time, this finding has been replicated in multiple surveys across nineteen countries. The long-term growth in leisure for the working-age population is evident in nearly every country for which we have appropriate evidence.\n\nSo how do we account for this mismatch with people’s experience of a rising deficit of time?\n\nA range of explanations has been profered to account for this paradox. They all contain partial truths, and indeed are not mutually exclusive, so it is worth considering the contrasting approaches here in some depth. Let us begin by considering those that point to economic change as the root cause of a time squeeze.\n\nOne key to this paradox lies in distinguishing between the amounts of time available to diferent groups of people within a country. While the average workweek has barely changed over the last few decades, the overall trend is one of an increasing polarization of working time, between those who work very long hours and others who work few or no hours.12 Long hours in some groups are countered by growing numbers of employees working relatively short weeks. The increased dispersion means that the proportion of those with substantial increases in workloads has grown. Critically, long workweeks impinge disproportionately on dualcareer families, as both members of a couple with a very long (combined) workweek are more likely to be highly educated and in high-status jobs. The fifty-plus-hours week is thus predominantly a characteristic of the professional and managerial class, those “likely to shape the terms of public discussion and debate.”13\n\nWhen theorists of the acceleration society refer to the hastening pace of life, they have in mind the abstract subject. They are not attuned to the detailed manner and circumstances in which time is organized into daily routines by gendered individuals and negotiated within households. Consequently, they fail to see that what happens to an individual’s average hours of work is not the same as what happens to work collectively within households. The vicissitudes of scheduling and the intricacy with which our lives are tied to others can only be fully understood by treating the household, rather than the individual, as the unit of analysis.\n\nOne of the greatest social changes of the second part of the twentieth century has been the widespread participation of women in the workforce. While the contribution of men has significantly declined in the UK, the United States, and most industrial countries, the hours that women (especially mothers) contribute to the labor market have significantly increased.14 This has led to dual-earner families outnumbering malebreadwinner families. Today, roughly 60 percent of two-parent households with children under age eighteen have two working parents.15 The generalization of dual-earner couple is not limited to the United States but is a trait of every economically advanced country. Discussions about average working hours thus mask a dramatic redistribution of paid work between the sexes.\n\nThe Time-Pressure Paradox\n\n65","previous_page":64,"next_page":66}