{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"0f4df77e-fbc5-46b5-aca2-e27886d75b12","title":"论数码物的存在","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208154346","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"0f4df77e-fbc5-46b5-aca2-e27886d75b12","id":"0f4df77e-fbc5-46b5-aca2-e27886d75b12","uuid":"0f4df77e-fbc5-46b5-aca2-e27886d75b12","title":"论数码物的存在","normalized_title":"论数码物的存在","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208154346","isbns":["9787208154346"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":317,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/0f4df77e-fbc5-46b5-aca2-e27886d75b12","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%AE%BA%E6%95%B0%E7%A0%81%E7%89%A9%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/0f4df77e-fbc5-46b5-aca2-e27886d75b12/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/0f4df77e-fbc5-46b5-aca2-e27886d75b12/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/0f4df77e-fbc5-46b5-aca2-e27886d75b12","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/0f4df77e-fbc5-46b5-aca2-e27886d75b12/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/0f4df77e-fbc5-46b5-aca2-e27886d75b12/search"},"page":{"printed_page":185,"pdf_page":195,"physical_index":195,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"64b257ab2f197a2630748dfa566d1f386332bc1213b6dfba2700a8cf4b5bdf06"},"chapter":"第三章","content":"一个专名(词、符号、符号组合、表达)表达其涵义，代表或指定其指称。通过一个符号，我们表达其意义并指定其指称。[32]\n\n我们可以利用弗雷格提出的例子，通过考虑“晨星”与“晚星”来说明这种差异。它们都有相同的指称(Bedeutung)—金星，但它们有不同的涵义(Sinn)。通过这种方式，含义成为身份问题，而指称涉及对象。但是弗雷格继续说，必须把指称优先为研究逻辑的主要标准：“逻辑书籍包含对表达式的模糊引起的逻辑错误的警告。我认为它也同样涉及对明显无指称专名的警告。”[33]当弗雷格将含义与指称扩展至句子时，我们观察到一些奇特的东西。弗雷格称完成专名的表达式为“函数表达式或不饱和表达式”。考虑一个完整的表达式，如 $^ { * } 5 + 8 ^ { * }$ ，符号“+”是一个函数表达式，因为它完成了表达式。弗雷格的谓述与函数表达式具有相同的作用。弗雷格将谓述理解为“通过删除一个或多个单称词项(singularterm),从句子中获得的表达式”[34],即，将主语从诸如“—是马”等表达式中移除。那么什么使表达式为真?判断是要判断某些事，正如弗雷格在脚注中所写，“对我而言，判断不仅仅是对思想的理解，而且是对其真实性的承认”。接受思想的真实性是指称，正如弗雷格所声称的：“正是对真实性的追求，促使我们始终从涵义走向指称……因此，我们被驱策去接受一个句子的真值作为其指称。”[35]\n\n第五章逻辑与客体\n\n185","previous_page":184,"next_page":186}