{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"10f0f318-a2eb-4ea9-8798-d4fb0304f8c3","title":"Time for Things Labor, Leisure, and the Rise of Mass Consumption","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9780674250529","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"10f0f318-a2eb-4ea9-8798-d4fb0304f8c3","id":"10f0f318-a2eb-4ea9-8798-d4fb0304f8c3","uuid":"10f0f318-a2eb-4ea9-8798-d4fb0304f8c3","title":"Time for Things Labor, Leisure, and the Rise of Mass Consumption","normalized_title":"timeforthingslaborleisureandtheriseofmassconsumption","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9780674250529","isbns":["9780674250529","9780674250536","9780674979512"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":355,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/10f0f318-a2eb-4ea9-8798-d4fb0304f8c3","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Time%20for%20Things%20Labor%2C%20Leisure%2C%20and%20the%20Rise%20of%20Mass%20Consumption","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/10f0f318-a2eb-4ea9-8798-d4fb0304f8c3/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/10f0f318-a2eb-4ea9-8798-d4fb0304f8c3/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/10f0f318-a2eb-4ea9-8798-d4fb0304f8c3","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/10f0f318-a2eb-4ea9-8798-d4fb0304f8c3/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/10f0f318-a2eb-4ea9-8798-d4fb0304f8c3/search"},"page":{"printed_page":293,"pdf_page":301,"physical_index":301,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"9265fa551082c5d176d128960d0532a5ab24d15329c6b32db6270f9ee75562bc"},"chapter":"FOR","content":"46. Moreover, the great majority of cars were bought using credit, which would have been risky under conditions of uncertain employment (Olney 1991).\n\n47. The value of private residential assets in 1998 dollars increased from \\$100.5 billion in 1925 to \\$9,183 billion in 1998. Measuring the change using a chain-type quantity index indicates a more moderate, yet still very significant increase from 17.23 to 105.01 (see the table in Appendix 1).\n\n48. The 1913 reforms made all interest payments tax deductible. According to Prasad it was in the 1930s that promoting homeownership became an active project for the state.\n\n49. Data collected by the National Association of Realtors indicates that the median length of tenure for sellers in the United States between 1985 and 2008 was just six years (Riggs 2016).\n\n50. According to Eurostat data, full-time workers in France have since 2006 consistently worked more than forty hours per week despite the thirty-five-hour law. So even though the Aubry laws established a thirty-five-hour workweek, French workers chose to work more than that in order to increase their wages. As the thirty-five-hour week established a limit beyond which overtime must be paid, the obvious interpretation of the failure of full-time work hours to fall is that French workers preferred increasing their earnings (by working more overtime) to increasing their free time. In the EU, full-time work hours since 2006 have on average exceeded forty-one hours (Eurostat 2017).\n\n51. John D. Owen (1988), in an earlier analysis suggests that higher marginal income tax rates in Europe might account for some of the diference in hours between Europe and America.\n\n52. Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.\n\n53. Angus Maddison estimates total annual manufacturing work hours per employee for 1987 in the United Kingdom, the United States, and Germany to be, respectively, 1,763, 1,909, and 1,630. For the whole economy (and this would include many more part-time employees), the numbers are 1,557 for the United Kingdom, 1,608 for the United States, and 1,620 for Germany. So in manufacturing, German workers work 15 percent fewer hours than in the United States, while across the whole economy hours per year were actually higher in Germany than in America (Maddison 1991).\n\n54. Workers are those who in a given year have worked at all, so the term would exclude the unemployed but include the underemployed.\n\n55. The total amount changed over time, but, somewhat oddly, the aggregate numbers in Europe and the United States tracked one another (Burda, Hammermesh, and Weil 2006).\n\n56. The Burda study, which was based on data from time-use diaries, indicates that the amount of recorded leisure time in the sample of European countries and in the United States difered very little.\n\n57. In survey research conducted at the turn of the twenty-first century, European workers expressed a preference for higher income at constant hours over constant income at reduced hours (Bell and Freeman 2001).\n\n58. Keynes’s 1930 prediction was based on a projection into the future of the 30 percent reduction in work hours that had occurred over the previous fifty years in both the United\n\nNotes to Pages 73–78\n\n293","previous_page":292,"next_page":294}