{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"10f0f318-a2eb-4ea9-8798-d4fb0304f8c3","title":"Time for Things Labor, Leisure, and the Rise of Mass Consumption","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9780674250529","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"10f0f318-a2eb-4ea9-8798-d4fb0304f8c3","id":"10f0f318-a2eb-4ea9-8798-d4fb0304f8c3","uuid":"10f0f318-a2eb-4ea9-8798-d4fb0304f8c3","title":"Time for Things Labor, Leisure, and the Rise of Mass Consumption","normalized_title":"timeforthingslaborleisureandtheriseofmassconsumption","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9780674250529","isbns":["9780674250529","9780674250536","9780674979512"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":355,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/10f0f318-a2eb-4ea9-8798-d4fb0304f8c3","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Time%20for%20Things%20Labor%2C%20Leisure%2C%20and%20the%20Rise%20of%20Mass%20Consumption","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/10f0f318-a2eb-4ea9-8798-d4fb0304f8c3/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/10f0f318-a2eb-4ea9-8798-d4fb0304f8c3/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/10f0f318-a2eb-4ea9-8798-d4fb0304f8c3","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/10f0f318-a2eb-4ea9-8798-d4fb0304f8c3/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/10f0f318-a2eb-4ea9-8798-d4fb0304f8c3/search"},"page":{"printed_page":296,"pdf_page":304,"physical_index":304,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"0cf33f36fd458abbc777121b72025b2d6e17332e9bee7fcc20426dc06ad0f35e"},"chapter":"FOR","content":"12. There is some suggestion in Keynes that animal spirits, and the associated optimistic outlook, to some extent generate a self-fulfilling prophecy. Yet it is not clear why that should be the case.\n\n13. Keynes’s preoccupation in The General Theory with demand shocks of the sort that led to the Great Depression perhaps distracted him from the crucial role that positive projections about latent consumer demand, made on a rational, inductive basis, play in inducing productive investment of profits.\n\n14. The dificulty is compounded by the tendency for norms of economic action under capitalism to be specified in private terms, as rules the satisfaction of which is a matter for individuals to discern, based on introspection about things like preferences. When commensuration is understood in utilitarian terms, for example, as the disutility of work being ofset by the utility of consumption, each individual must come to his or her own judgment about what amount of consumption provides commensurate compensation. I discuss this issue in the conclusion.\n\n15. The latter two are connected, insofar as the importance of securing the purchasing power of the wage became a matter of widespread concern. But it would be wrong to reduce supply-side changes in products and distribution to changes in the moral economy linking work and consumption.\n\n16. The development of consumer society and the history of the institution of wage labor are related such that the two are, on the one hand, suficiently independent to have discrete identities, but nonetheless, are interdependent to the degree that change in the historical trajectory of one is highly likely to cause a change in the other and, further, that the point of contact between the two is such that the contradictions and tensions internal to one tend to get expressed in changes of form in the other. Note that the claim here is not that one line of historical development supervenes upon the other, such that there cannot be a diference in that line of development without there being also a diference in the other (Davidson 1980). Rather the two are ontologically distinct, yet systemically highly embedded in one another.\n\n17. Although Campbell is a historicist, his ideas are in some ways similar to psychoanalytic theories according to which desire primarily seeks to sustain itself—such that desire desires desire rather than its closure, achieved through consummation. For Campbell, the point of modern consumer desire is anticipation rather than actual consumption. Yet if the object of desire is the state of anticipation, why should people ever end that state by actually acquiring what it is that they want?\n\n18. In Aristotle’s original formulation, which Marx both developed and criticized in chapter 1 of the first volume of Capital, the exchange circuit C-M-C has the telos of acquiring goods in order to put them to use in qualitatively distinct ways. Objects serve as means to particular ends attached to kinds of activity, which are entirely incommensurable with one another. Although Marx disagreed with what he took to be Aristotle’s contention that the exchange ratio between diferent Cs is set by a combination of exigency and convention (“a makeshift for practical purposes,” Marx 1981 [1867] p.40), holding that there must be some underlying substance that determines the ratio at which diferent commodities exchange, he agreed with Aristotle’s argument that C-M-C is regulated by demand for use values that meet real wants and needs. However, the puzzling patterns identified in Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 cast some doubt on the idea that, at least under capitalism, the C-M-C circuit is regulated by real needs for actual use values, realized in actual activity (Aristotle 1981; Marx [1867] 1981; Meikle 1992, 2000; Booth 1991).\n\n296\n\nNotes to Pages 87–96","previous_page":295,"next_page":297}