{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"133f6995-a185-4d07-868c-941de6e1fb97","title":"娱乐至死・童年的消逝","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"133f6995-a185-4d07-868c-941de6e1fb97","id":"133f6995-a185-4d07-868c-941de6e1fb97","uuid":"133f6995-a185-4d07-868c-941de6e1fb97","title":"娱乐至死・童年的消逝","normalized_title":"娱乐至死童年的消逝","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"isbns":[],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":324,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/133f6995-a185-4d07-868c-941de6e1fb97","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%A8%B1%E4%B9%90%E8%87%B3%E6%AD%BB%E3%83%BB%E7%AB%A5%E5%B9%B4%E7%9A%84%E6%B6%88%E9%80%9D","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/133f6995-a185-4d07-868c-941de6e1fb97/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/133f6995-a185-4d07-868c-941de6e1fb97/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/133f6995-a185-4d07-868c-941de6e1fb97","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/133f6995-a185-4d07-868c-941de6e1fb97/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/133f6995-a185-4d07-868c-941de6e1fb97/search"},"page":{"printed_page":166,"pdf_page":172,"physical_index":172,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"419e88076c9e1e1b396e58335229f05d8309c7a5c6c0861f86a67a17f7121f55"},"chapter":"第一章 一个没有儿童的时代","content":"就像形式各异的服装，过去在城镇的大街小巷上随处可见的儿童游戏也正在消失。就连“儿童游戏”这个想法也似乎正从我们的股掌之中流失。我们过去习惯于认为儿童游戏并不需要教官、裁判或观众，只要有空间和器材，儿童就可以开始玩了；游戏的目的不为别的，只图快活。然而，今天少年棒球联合会(theLittle League baseball)和十二三岁的小选手橄榄球队(PeeWee football)，他们不仅由成人来监督，而且以一切可能的方式来仿效成人运动的模式。因此,他们需要裁判，需要器材。成人在边线外加油呐喊或奚落。球员们寻求的不是快活，而是名誉。现在还有谁看见九岁以上的孩子在玩抛接石子(PlayingJacks)、骑木马(Johnny on the Pony)、捉迷藏(Blindman's Buff)或边打球边唱歌(Ball-bouncingrhymes)这样的游戏?两位出色的英国史学家彼特和艾沃娜·奥佩(Peter andIonaOpie)专门研究儿童游戏。他们鉴定了几百项传统的儿童游戏，当今美国儿童仍然常常玩的游戏几乎没有一种。就连两千多年前在伯里克利(Periclean)统治时期的雅典就已出现的捉迷藏，现在几乎已经完全从儿童自发的娱乐活动中消失了。1儿童游戏，言简意赅地说，已成为濒于灭绝的物种。\n\n实际上，童年也面临着同样的命运。放眼望去，人们不难发现，成人和儿童在行为举止、语言习惯、处世态度和需求欲望上，甚至身体的外表上，越来越难以分辨了。无疑，这正好说明了要求重新修订儿童合法权利的运动之所以蓬勃发展的原因。这样，儿童多多少少可以跟成人享有一样的权利。理查德·法森(RichardFarson)的著作《与生俱来的权利》(Birthrights)就是一例。这个运动反对强制性的义务教育。它的主要目的在于宣称，原来以为是让儿童处于一种对他们较为有利的地\n\n166\n\n童年的消逝\n\n1 Cowley, Robert. “Their Work Is Child's Play.\" Horizon, Vol. 13, No. 1, Winter 1971,第14页。","previous_page":null,"next_page":167}