{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"133f6995-a185-4d07-868c-941de6e1fb97","title":"娱乐至死・童年的消逝","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"133f6995-a185-4d07-868c-941de6e1fb97","id":"133f6995-a185-4d07-868c-941de6e1fb97","uuid":"133f6995-a185-4d07-868c-941de6e1fb97","title":"娱乐至死・童年的消逝","normalized_title":"娱乐至死童年的消逝","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"isbns":[],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":324,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/133f6995-a185-4d07-868c-941de6e1fb97","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%A8%B1%E4%B9%90%E8%87%B3%E6%AD%BB%E3%83%BB%E7%AB%A5%E5%B9%B4%E7%9A%84%E6%B6%88%E9%80%9D","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/133f6995-a185-4d07-868c-941de6e1fb97/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/133f6995-a185-4d07-868c-941de6e1fb97/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/133f6995-a185-4d07-868c-941de6e1fb97","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/133f6995-a185-4d07-868c-941de6e1fb97/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/133f6995-a185-4d07-868c-941de6e1fb97/search"},"page":{"printed_page":220,"pdf_page":226,"physical_index":226,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"342fa9848e5ec99056ab3624a7ca4451afdcfeda15deea24162384466c588cba"},"chapter":"第四章 童年的旅程","content":"因此，当童年步入19和20世纪，当它穿越大西洋到达新的世界，童年的概念由两组知识旋律构成了。我们可以称它们为“洛克派”的或“新教派”的童年概念和“卢梭派”的或“浪漫主义派”的概念。以新教派的观点，儿童是未成形的人。唯有通过识字、教育、理性、自我控制、羞耻感的培养，儿童才能改造成一个文明的成人。以浪漫主义的观点，未成形的儿童不是问题，问题完全出在畸形的成人。儿童拥有与生俱来的坦率、理解、好奇、自发的能力，但这些能力被识字、教育、理性、自我控制和羞耻感淹没了。\n\n这两派观点的不同，从洛克和卢梭各自所提出的对比鲜明的比喻中也可形象地反映出来。我相信有一点没有多少人注意到，例如，洛克把心灵比作刻写板，恰好描绘了童年和印刷之间的联系。的确，空白书写板的比喻把儿童看作是一本尚未写好的书，随着那些书页被填满，儿童走向成熟。这个进程没有“自然”或生物性可言。这是个符号发展的过程：有秩序的、分阶段的、和语言息息相关的。对于洛克和多数18世纪的思想家来说，不识字和童年密切相关、不可分割，成年被定义为备完全的语言能力。\n\n220\n\n童年的消逝\n\nRandom House,Vintage Books,1962，第30页。\n\n绘贵族奢华的盛装和高傲悠闲的姿态，《蓝衣少年》是其代表作之一。——译者注","previous_page":219,"next_page":221}