{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"13a8d12f-fb2c-4d05-a501-68bf7c192d34","title":"技术至死 数字化生存的阴暗面","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"0120136503","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"13a8d12f-fb2c-4d05-a501-68bf7c192d34","id":"13a8d12f-fb2c-4d05-a501-68bf7c192d34","uuid":"13a8d12f-fb2c-4d05-a501-68bf7c192d34","title":"技术至死 数字化生存的阴暗面","normalized_title":"技术至死数字化生存的阴暗面","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"0120136503","isbns":["0120136503","9787121227776"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":396,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/13a8d12f-fb2c-4d05-a501-68bf7c192d34","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E8%87%B3%E6%AD%BB%20%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E5%8C%96%E7%94%9F%E5%AD%98%E7%9A%84%E9%98%B4%E6%9A%97%E9%9D%A2","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/13a8d12f-fb2c-4d05-a501-68bf7c192d34/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/13a8d12f-fb2c-4d05-a501-68bf7c192d34/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/13a8d12f-fb2c-4d05-a501-68bf7c192d34","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/13a8d12f-fb2c-4d05-a501-68bf7c192d34/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/13a8d12f-fb2c-4d05-a501-68bf7c192d34/search"},"page":{"printed_page":346,"pdf_page":360,"physical_index":360,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"bf3526d4c13eec1410a7de918a427b0b85eb7fd2e73759794858f9f5ec92f9ed"},"chapter":"技术至死数字化生存的阴暗面","content":"在这一新系统下，设计的目标不仅仅是让人造物品满足“外面”真正存在的某种社会需求，也是要让我们思考，这一需求是怎么出现的，它怎样变成了一项值得追求的项目，甚至，全盘考虑的话，它说不定并不真的值得追求。设计师不应当把答案强加给用户，而是要便利用户提出有可能得出这类答案的问题。“毛毛虫”和“勿忘我”阅读灯做到了这一点；和它们功能相当的普通设备则做不到。\n\n这两个项目都属于“对抗性设计”的范畴，这是一种思考技术与政治的新颖方法，由媒体和设计理论家卡尔·迪萨尔沃(CarlDiSalvo)提出。迪萨尔沃的思想值得深入研究，哪怕是仅仅因为它提供了一种迫切需要的理论脚手架，把“不稳定电器”和“技术捣蛋鬼”的零散见解，变成一套可视为范例的设计方案和理念。\n\n迪萨尔沃借鉴了政治理论家卡尔·施米特(CarlSchmitt)和查特尔·穆芙(ChantalMouffe)的论述，阐明了一种新的设计方式，它不以促进共识和效率为目标，相反，却从社会政治规范及安排方面无尽的对立和争论中汲取灵感。“如果我们不再认为，有哪一种设计能彻底、恰当地解决我们的社会关注或社会问题，”他写道，“那么，对抗性设计就能以产品、服务、事件或流程的形式，为对抗提供空间，藉此表达或参与政治议题。”\n\n迪萨尔沃收集了大量例子来说明对抗性设计在实践中会像是怎样：犯罪地图不再像现在这样，在城市地图上标示犯罪分布情况，而是标示城市哪个地区的居民进监狱的最多；浏览器扩展新增有关军队资助大学网站的信息，或是把亚马逊等网站上的所有价格，都换算成石油桶数（按市价换算）；在雨伞上加装电子灯，阻挡监控摄像头的识别算法。不过，迪萨尔沃笔下的例子，有两个特别值得深入探讨。一个是马特·肯扬(MattKenyon)和道格·伊斯特利(DougEasterly)设计的“孢子1.1”项目，项目的出发点是家得宝(Home\n\n346\n\n枝术至死","previous_page":345,"next_page":347}