{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"13a8d12f-fb2c-4d05-a501-68bf7c192d34","title":"技术至死 数字化生存的阴暗面","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"0120136503","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"13a8d12f-fb2c-4d05-a501-68bf7c192d34","id":"13a8d12f-fb2c-4d05-a501-68bf7c192d34","uuid":"13a8d12f-fb2c-4d05-a501-68bf7c192d34","title":"技术至死 数字化生存的阴暗面","normalized_title":"技术至死数字化生存的阴暗面","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"0120136503","isbns":["0120136503","9787121227776"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":396,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/13a8d12f-fb2c-4d05-a501-68bf7c192d34","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E8%87%B3%E6%AD%BB%20%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E5%8C%96%E7%94%9F%E5%AD%98%E7%9A%84%E9%98%B4%E6%9A%97%E9%9D%A2","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/13a8d12f-fb2c-4d05-a501-68bf7c192d34/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/13a8d12f-fb2c-4d05-a501-68bf7c192d34/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/13a8d12f-fb2c-4d05-a501-68bf7c192d34","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/13a8d12f-fb2c-4d05-a501-68bf7c192d34/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/13a8d12f-fb2c-4d05-a501-68bf7c192d34/search"},"page":{"printed_page":356,"pdf_page":370,"physical_index":370,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"ee59cb22ecc116a11bf62e542346d4818bd246df4606e111a6e248ec3f3c1cc4"},"chapter":"技术至死数字化生存的阴暗面","content":"让我们来比较一下哲学家彼得·辛格(PeterSinger)对利他主义的论述。20世纪70年代，辛格批评了一些经济学家，后者认为利他主义是和石油一样的资源，“用得越多，留下的就越少。”辛格却唱起了反调，他问：“为什么我们不该以为利他精神就跟性能力一样呢：用得多，它也就能不断自我更新；但如果很少动用，它就开始萎缩，到了需要用的时候完全用不了?”同样，哲学家迈克尔·桑德尔也呼应了辛格的看法，他写道，“利他主义、慷慨、团结和公民精神，和会用完的商品不一样。它们更像是肌肉，能锻炼通过锻炼来发展、变强。”\n\n当然，上面的饼干一例，并不涉及为他人做牺牲，但想象一下也很容易：毕竟，无法和他人合作(如分享饼干)，很可能会被归咎于意志力储备量低。用伊万·伊里奇的话来说，意志力是一种感觉完全自然的需求，可以用生理学来解释；利他主义和桑德尔用“公民精神”来概括的所有其他美德，则更类似道德要求，需要我们学会欣赏和实践。两种范式都可以解释相同的行为，但这两种范式，存在一点关键的区别：意志力的讨论和对错讨论无关；超出个人层面的行为是否值得做，还没有成熟的办法进行区分。但可以肯定的是，判断是否从事某一行动的时候，我们需要知道的不仅仅是它对我们的意志力储备有什么样的影响。我们用意志力是来干嘛的呢？关于这一点，心理学家默然不语。\n\n356\n\n枝术至死","previous_page":355,"next_page":357}