{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"1c434b75-5c8d-4d6d-a718-ffbe4846c04a","title":"否定的辩证法","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208161849","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"1c434b75-5c8d-4d6d-a718-ffbe4846c04a","id":"1c434b75-5c8d-4d6d-a718-ffbe4846c04a","uuid":"1c434b75-5c8d-4d6d-a718-ffbe4846c04a","title":"否定的辩证法","normalized_title":"否定的辩证法","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208161849","isbns":["9787208161849"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":378,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/1c434b75-5c8d-4d6d-a718-ffbe4846c04a","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%90%A6%E5%AE%9A%E7%9A%84%E8%BE%A9%E8%AF%81%E6%B3%95","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/1c434b75-5c8d-4d6d-a718-ffbe4846c04a/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/1c434b75-5c8d-4d6d-a718-ffbe4846c04a/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/1c434b75-5c8d-4d6d-a718-ffbe4846c04a","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/1c434b75-5c8d-4d6d-a718-ffbe4846c04a/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/1c434b75-5c8d-4d6d-a718-ffbe4846c04a/search"},"page":{"printed_page":176,"pdf_page":197,"physical_index":197,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"7bcba32b75ac52cfd37f16f50dfc2bf894a0a60fd636a283285a4264eaa21bd2"},"chapter":"第二章 存在与实存","content":"马克思厌恶学术争吵。他像谚语中所说的公牛闯入瓷器店一样，在认识论的范畴中横冲直撞，很少给“反映”之类的术语放太重的砝码。“反映”的所谓至上性是以主观批判的要素为代价而赢得的。在对这一要素的强调中和意识形态并肩生存的是对意识形态的一丝敌意，那种关于生产产品和生产关系是直接、自然的虚假推断受到了阻碍。任何理论都不可以为了取悦于鼓动家的简单性而在客观获得的知识上装傻。理论必须反映这种知识并促进它进步。理论和实践的统一并不意味着容忍思想的软弱，即压抑性社会所生育的怪胎。以计算机思维想与之平等，并且为了它的荣誉很乐意消灭自身的形态，意识在一种现实性面前宣告了破产。这种现实性在目前阶段不是生动感知的，而是功能的、本身抽象的。\n\n表象的思维是无反思的一种非辩证的矛盾，因为没有反思就没有理论。如果意识在自身和它思考的东西之间插入第三种要素即映象，它就会不知不觉地再生产唯心主义，观念的躯体就会取代认识对象，而这些观念的主观任意性正是权力当局的任意性。唯物主义想把握事物的渴望却适得其反：只有在无映象时才能思考全部对象。这种无映象性是和神学的禁止偶像相接近的。唯物主义把这种禁令世俗化了，不允许实证地描绘乌托邦。这是唯物主义的否定性的实质。在自己最唯物主义的地方，唯物主义开始和神学一致起来，它的强烈欲望是复活肉体，这对唯心主义、绝对精神来说是完全陌生的欲望。历史唯物主义的透视图的没影点将是它的自我升华，精神从处在实现状态的物质需要的第一性中解放出来。只有当物质的渴望被平息时，精神才会被驯服，才能成为它唯一许诺的东西，尽管在物质条件的魔力下精神拒绝满足物质需要。\n\n否定的辩证法\n\n176","previous_page":175,"next_page":177}