{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"1c434b75-5c8d-4d6d-a718-ffbe4846c04a","title":"否定的辩证法","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208161849","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"1c434b75-5c8d-4d6d-a718-ffbe4846c04a","id":"1c434b75-5c8d-4d6d-a718-ffbe4846c04a","uuid":"1c434b75-5c8d-4d6d-a718-ffbe4846c04a","title":"否定的辩证法","normalized_title":"否定的辩证法","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208161849","isbns":["9787208161849"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":378,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/1c434b75-5c8d-4d6d-a718-ffbe4846c04a","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%90%A6%E5%AE%9A%E7%9A%84%E8%BE%A9%E8%AF%81%E6%B3%95","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/1c434b75-5c8d-4d6d-a718-ffbe4846c04a/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/1c434b75-5c8d-4d6d-a718-ffbe4846c04a/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/1c434b75-5c8d-4d6d-a718-ffbe4846c04a","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/1c434b75-5c8d-4d6d-a718-ffbe4846c04a/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/1c434b75-5c8d-4d6d-a718-ffbe4846c04a/search"},"page":{"printed_page":207,"pdf_page":226,"physical_index":226,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"935c6beefeff85c092d85cf5b6ea36a51441b0c4884202f10ea5163ce265db0c"},"chapter":"第一章 自 由——实践理性总批判","content":"二律背反的客观性\n\n在康德看来，自由的断言和不自由的断言终归于矛盾。因此，争论据说是无结果的。康德把科学方法的标准实在化，认为那些不能免遭其矛盾对立的可能性的原理应该从合理的思维中被清除掉，这是不言而喻的。\n\n在黑格尔之后，这种主张已再也站不住脚了。矛盾可以存在于事物本身之中，从一开始，就不可以把矛盾归因于方式。对自由关注的迫切性提出了这种客观的矛盾性。康德在证明二律背反的必然性时讨厌用“假问题”作为一个借口，但很快就屈从于无矛盾性的逻辑。①\n\n康德的先验辩证法对此完全没有意识到。当然，康德的辩证法遵循亚里士多德模式，表现为诡辩学者的辩证法，但它让每一正题以及每一反题都是无矛盾地在自身之中发展起来的。它决不能轻松地打发掉对立性，毋宁说将证明对立性的不可避免性。只是在更高的反思阶段，作为对待事物(它无视于这些事物的自在存在，因此它没有权利对这些事物作出肯定的判断)的逻辑理性的假说，对立性才可以说是“可解决的”。矛盾对人类理性来说是不可逃避的，这表明矛盾超出了这种理性及其“逻辑”。实质上，对理性的载体即主体来说，这使得主体可能既是自由的又是不自由的。康德使用非辩证的逻辑手段来解决这个矛盾，把纯粹的主体和经验的主体相区别。在这种区分中，这两个概念的互相联系却被忽略了。\n\n第一章 自由——实践理性总批判\n\n207","previous_page":206,"next_page":208}