{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"1d910fbb-daa5-464d-8ee8-feab02de0c8c","title":"马克思价值理论研究","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"1d910fbb-daa5-464d-8ee8-feab02de0c8c","id":"1d910fbb-daa5-464d-8ee8-feab02de0c8c","uuid":"1d910fbb-daa5-464d-8ee8-feab02de0c8c","title":"马克思价值理论研究","normalized_title":"马克思价值理论研究","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"isbns":[],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":401,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/1d910fbb-daa5-464d-8ee8-feab02de0c8c","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/1d910fbb-daa5-464d-8ee8-feab02de0c8c/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/1d910fbb-daa5-464d-8ee8-feab02de0c8c/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/1d910fbb-daa5-464d-8ee8-feab02de0c8c","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/1d910fbb-daa5-464d-8ee8-feab02de0c8c/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/1d910fbb-daa5-464d-8ee8-feab02de0c8c/search"},"page":{"printed_page":225,"pdf_page":271,"physical_index":271,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"c34f34a59ad29a2bb69ef193ebb56883f0a8148b103420430a55e2d657aef73b"},"chapter":"第十六章社会必要劳动","content":"同一个生产部门中的企业可以根据它们的技术发展水平排列，从生产力最高的排列到生产力最低的。不管每个企业或企业组（为了简化，我们依照马克思的方法把企业分为三类：生产力高的、平均的和低的）的单个产品价值有什么不同，它们的产品在市场上总是按照相同的价格出售，这在最后的分析中（通过偏离和振荡）是由平均价值或市场价值决定的：“个别价值低于市场价值的商品，就会实现一个额外剩余价值或超额利润，而其个别价值高于市场价值的商品，却不能实现它们所包含的剩余价值的一部分。”②市场价值和个别价值的差别为拥有不同劳动生产率水平的企业创造了不同的有利条件，并且也是资本主义社会中技术进步的主要推动力。每个资本主义企业都试图利用最新的技术进步，相对于平均市场价值降低个别价值，取得获取剩余利润的可能性。落后技术的企业试图降低它们产品的个别价值，如果可能的话降低到市场价值水平；\n\n第二部分 马克思的劳动价值理论\n\n① 马克思．资本论：第一卷[M]．北京：人民出版社，2004：52.\n\n② 马克思，资本论：第三卷[M]. 北京：人民出版社，2004：199.\n\n225","previous_page":224,"next_page":226}