{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"1d910fbb-daa5-464d-8ee8-feab02de0c8c","title":"马克思价值理论研究","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"1d910fbb-daa5-464d-8ee8-feab02de0c8c","id":"1d910fbb-daa5-464d-8ee8-feab02de0c8c","uuid":"1d910fbb-daa5-464d-8ee8-feab02de0c8c","title":"马克思价值理论研究","normalized_title":"马克思价值理论研究","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"isbns":[],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":401,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/1d910fbb-daa5-464d-8ee8-feab02de0c8c","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/1d910fbb-daa5-464d-8ee8-feab02de0c8c/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/1d910fbb-daa5-464d-8ee8-feab02de0c8c/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/1d910fbb-daa5-464d-8ee8-feab02de0c8c","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/1d910fbb-daa5-464d-8ee8-feab02de0c8c/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/1d910fbb-daa5-464d-8ee8-feab02de0c8c/search"},"page":{"printed_page":265,"pdf_page":311,"physical_index":311,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"9193b92969834703dcd392fa5f806cf45ab2535c34e84d78f1da349b01f1bd05"},"chapter":"第十七章价值和社会需要","content":"3 价值和产量\n\n在我们的供求表中，我们假设当产量增加时，生产一单位产品的必要劳动耗费是不变的。现在，我们引人新的假设，即额外的产量在比之前更落后的条件下被生产了出来。我们可以回忆一下李嘉图的级差地租理论。根据这种理论，人口增长导致的谷物需求增长使耕种较贫瘠土地或耕种远离市场的土地成为必要。于是，在最不利条件下生产谷物（或运输谷物）的必要劳动量提高了。由于劳动量决定所生产的全部谷物的价值，谷物价值提高了。同样的现象也可在采矿业中看到，在那里开采从富矿移向贫矿。生产的增长伴随着产品价值的上涨，而之前我们假设单位产品价值独立于产量。类似的情况也可能发生在那些行业，它们的企业拥有不同的生产率水平。我们假设生产率较高的企业能够提供价格低廉的产品，但不能按照这么低的价格满足市场需求。拥有平均生产率和较低生产率的企业也必须参加生产，商品的市场价值是由在平均或较差条件下生产的商品价值决定的（参见“社会必要劳动”那一章）。在这里，生产的增加也意味着价值的增加，以及单位产品价格的上涨。我们的供给情况如表3所示。\n\n第二部分 马克思的劳动价值理论\n\n265","previous_page":264,"next_page":null}