{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"20947892-108a-4864-b832-9f0f48b3a72c","title":"[当代国外马克思主义哲学研究丛书]生命权力、生命形式与共同体：阿甘本生命政治学研究","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303265565","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"20947892-108a-4864-b832-9f0f48b3a72c","id":"20947892-108a-4864-b832-9f0f48b3a72c","uuid":"20947892-108a-4864-b832-9f0f48b3a72c","title":"[当代国外马克思主义哲学研究丛书]生命权力、生命形式与共同体：阿甘本生命政治学研究","normalized_title":"当代国外马克思主义哲学研究丛书生命权力生命形式与共同体阿甘本生命政治学研究","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303265565","isbns":["9787303265565"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":450,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/20947892-108a-4864-b832-9f0f48b3a72c","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%5B%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%A3%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%96%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%9B%E4%B9%A6%5D%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E6%9D%83%E5%8A%9B%E3%80%81%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F%E4%B8%8E%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%93%EF%BC%9A%E9%98%BF%E7%94%98%E6%9C%AC%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AD%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/20947892-108a-4864-b832-9f0f48b3a72c/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/20947892-108a-4864-b832-9f0f48b3a72c/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/20947892-108a-4864-b832-9f0f48b3a72c","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/20947892-108a-4864-b832-9f0f48b3a72c/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/20947892-108a-4864-b832-9f0f48b3a72c/search"},"page":{"printed_page":339,"pdf_page":356,"physical_index":356,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"d2598fd46eb4c4a13c4e0be4b5d2d9b65dd74b4e1a6466bd2db9d53d6e2929c6"},"chapter":"第四章 阿甘本生命形式与潜能的反抗图景","content":"“赠礼的债务或义务对于所有属于共同体的人来说是一种原始缺陷。这种缺陷环绕着相互捐赠对个人身份的有害影响。”①\n\n埃斯波西托认为，免疫机制是解决共同体矛盾的有效方法。在他看来，“在共同体内，由于受到面向他人的礼物法则和关怀法则的制约，成员间有互赠礼物的义务。但是，免疫意味着从这样的互赠礼物关系中得到豁免和减免。谁具有免疫性，谁就不受某些义务和危险的制约，而这些义务和危险是其他所有人都必须遵循和规避的；他也无须放弃任何东西，因为放弃就意味着自身利益的削减，而利益最终说来就是他自己”②。从这个角度来看，munus对于共同体的成员而言，事实上意味着一种灾难的威胁与危险，一种无限的缺乏，一种无法偿还的债务，因而需要免疫性社会机制的干涉与调节。\n\n最后，对munus的前两种分析主要是从其礼物内涵的角度出发，是对共同体原初结构的基本说明，现在我们要从免疫范畴与共同体的共有词根munus出发探索两者之间否定性的辩证关系。“immunitas不仅是一种免于职责，或者免除礼物，它是打破相互间的礼物馈赠的社会循环的东西。赠送礼物是术语communitas最早也最有约束力的含义。假如共同体的成员是由归还munus的义务联系起来的，那么通过把自己从义务中释放出来并置于共同体之外，他们就是免疫的。”③免疫意味着从共同的义务关系中解放出来，豁免于共同体成员彼此之间的赠礼行为。它不仅与共同体截然不同，而且与之对立。\n\n第五章 人类共同体形态结构的政治筹划与理论定位\n\n339\n\n① Roberto Esposito, Bios: Biopolitics and Philosophy, translated and with an introduction by Timothy Campbell, Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota Press, 2008, p. x\n\n②汪民安、郭晓彦主编：《生产》第7辑，236页，南京，江苏人民出版社，2011。\n\n③ Roberto Esposito, Immunitas, The Protection and Negation of Life, translated by Zakiya Hanafi, Cambridge: Polity Press, 2011, p. 6.","previous_page":338,"next_page":340}