{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"20947892-108a-4864-b832-9f0f48b3a72c","title":"[当代国外马克思主义哲学研究丛书]生命权力、生命形式与共同体：阿甘本生命政治学研究","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303265565","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"20947892-108a-4864-b832-9f0f48b3a72c","id":"20947892-108a-4864-b832-9f0f48b3a72c","uuid":"20947892-108a-4864-b832-9f0f48b3a72c","title":"[当代国外马克思主义哲学研究丛书]生命权力、生命形式与共同体：阿甘本生命政治学研究","normalized_title":"当代国外马克思主义哲学研究丛书生命权力生命形式与共同体阿甘本生命政治学研究","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303265565","isbns":["9787303265565"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":450,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/20947892-108a-4864-b832-9f0f48b3a72c","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%5B%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%A3%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%96%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%9B%E4%B9%A6%5D%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E6%9D%83%E5%8A%9B%E3%80%81%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F%E4%B8%8E%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%93%EF%BC%9A%E9%98%BF%E7%94%98%E6%9C%AC%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AD%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/20947892-108a-4864-b832-9f0f48b3a72c/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/20947892-108a-4864-b832-9f0f48b3a72c/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/20947892-108a-4864-b832-9f0f48b3a72c","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/20947892-108a-4864-b832-9f0f48b3a72c/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/20947892-108a-4864-b832-9f0f48b3a72c/search"},"page":{"printed_page":341,"pdf_page":358,"physical_index":358,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"e836b8390755c6721b655ad0a3feb45fafb1c178ba1c57de8c68ae19736a02ae"},"chapter":"第四章 阿甘本生命形式与潜能的反抗图景","content":"第二，免疫开始指向一种特殊境况，抑或是由共同体成员遭遇的环境决定，其中免疫与共同体的关系逐渐演变为共同体对免疫的摄取与纳入。共同体本身的缺陷使成员暴露在危险中，这种特殊境遇激发了共同体成员生命保护的愿望，从而需要免疫原则来消除自身面临的各种危险。在这一层面上，埃斯波西托把免疫原则的创建追溯到了霍布斯，认为自霍布斯以降，免疫范式就成为现代政治哲学的基础。霍布斯认为，在早期原始社会，人类处在相互斗争、残酷厮杀的自然状态，即人人相互为战的战争状态。②“人类所普遍具有的是拥有被杀的能力，这是人类的共同之处，也是驱使他们更像彼此而不是其他任何东西。”③简而言之，人人具有被杀害的能力，即人人都能被杀死。因为无时无刻不面对死亡的威胁，人类共同体对周遭环境心怀恐惧，从而急需一种共同权力来摆脱这种不安全感。“如果要建立这样一种能抵御外来侵略和制止相互侵害的共同权力，以便保障大家通过自己的辛劳和土地的丰产为生并生活得很满意，那就只有一条道路：把大家所有的权力和力量付托给某一个人或一个能通过多数的意见把大家的意志化为一个意志的多人组成的集体。”①即人人相互订立契约，形成集体意志的代理人国家。国家的形成即免疫原则的具体体现，它使共同体成员能够获得一定的和平与稳定，并且具备抵御外来侵略的能力，从而摆脱对暴力和死亡的恐惧。\n\n第五章 人类共同体形态结构的政治筹划与理论定位\n\n341\n\n① Roberto Esposito, Terms of the Political, Community, Immunity, Biopolitics, translated by Rhiannon Noel Welch, New York: Fordham University Press, 2013, p. 49.\n\n②英]霍布斯：《利维坦》，黎思复、黎廷弼译，95页，北京，商务印书馆，1986。\n\n③ Roberto Esposito, Communitas: The Origin and Destiny of Community, translated by Timothy Campbell, California: Stanford University Press, 2010, p. 13.","previous_page":340,"next_page":342}