{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","title":"资本的限度","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508673165","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","id":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","uuid":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","title":"资本的限度","normalized_title":"资本的限度","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508673165","isbns":["9787508673165"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":735,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E7%9A%84%E9%99%90%E5%BA%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/search"},"page":{"printed_page":195,"pdf_page":203,"physical_index":203,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"d48b9a7ccaa92489f9f78dc7ad2d8477c4b62417b286a45d4ec764d43cba64c4"},"chapter":"第4章 技术变革、劳动过程和资本的价值构成","content":"马克思是围绕“劳动对资本的……形式上的从属”与“实际上的从属”之间的区分来组织他关于这个问题的想法的19(《资本论》第1卷，第510页)。对绝对剩余价值的生产而言，“形式上的从属”就足够了；一旦劳动者被迫为了生存而出售劳动力，这种从属就会出现。劳动过程如过去一样进行，只不过引人了“统治和从属的经济关系”；之所以会产生这种关系，是由于资本家“天然地”（naturally）应该指导并监督劳动者的活动，而且是由于劳动倾向于变得远远更为连续、更有强度，“因为一切努力都是为了使产品只代表社会必要劳动时间（或者不如说，更少的劳动时间)”2°（《直接生产过程的结果》，第1025页)。通过交换中的竞争，社会必要劳动时间逐渐被当作劳动过程的调节器，尽管劳动者仍旧可以实质性地控制自己的传统技能和自己采用的方法。从熟练劳动到简单劳动的还原并没有发生。唯一相关的强制也只是由于劳动者为了生存而出售劳动力的必要性才出现的。\n\n当资本家开始重组劳动过程本身，以便获取相对剩余价值时，“劳动对资本的实际上的从属”就出现了。于是，整个生产方式“也在改变，产生出特殊资本主义生产方式”加上与此“相适应的……生产关系”21(《结果》，第1025页)。换句话说，在一般而言的资本主义当中具有主导地位的阶级关系现在通过对生产力的重组渗透到了劳动过程内部。\n\n第4章－技术变革劳动过程和资本的价值构成\n\n195","previous_page":194,"next_page":196}