{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","title":"资本的限度","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508673165","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","id":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","uuid":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","title":"资本的限度","normalized_title":"资本的限度","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508673165","isbns":["9787508673165"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":735,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E7%9A%84%E9%99%90%E5%BA%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/search"},"page":{"printed_page":"195 / 318","pdf_page":326,"physical_index":326,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"e7ea8a215afa6ef45106a63b0913c4051fd3cb3349fa3ebf62ef590707f83834"},"chapter":"第7章 过度积累、价值丧失和“第一块”危机理论","content":"第3章提出的论述必定显得相当抽象、相当吹毛求疵，但我们现在有资格利用这些论述所产生的见解了。一般资本的过度积累可以直接转换为过剩资本的各种特殊表现，这些过剩资本被自己在流通的进程中所采取的各个状态所“堵塞”了。因此，我们可以得出：\n\n1. 商品的过度生产物质商品在市场上的供过于求；它表达为库存的过剩，即库存远远超出了资本为了正常地完成平滑的流通所需要的库存。\n\n2.作为投入品的不变资本的剩余库存和作为半成品的商品的剩余库存，它们远远超出了正常的资本流通的需要。\n\n3.生产过程中的闲置资本—特别是没有充分地把自身的能力付诸使用的固定资本。\n\n4.剩余的货币资本和闲置的现金余额，它们远远超出了正常的货币储备的需要。\n\n5. 劳动力的剩余—生产中出现了就业不足，产业后备军的扩大远远超出了资本积累的正常需要，剥削率的上升至少暂时造成了劳动力的价值丧失。\n\n6.预付资本的回报率的下降，它表达为实际利率的下降、 产业资本和商人资本的利润率的下降、租金的下跌等等。\n\n这个列表概括了过度积累的“表现形式”，并把一种根深蒂固的矛盾生产力的演化与资本主义社会关系所带来的壁垒之间的矛盾作为它们全体的纽带。这让马克思得以揭露李嘉图的观点在理论中的错误按照李嘉图，资本可能会过剩，但是总体上不会有商品的生产过剩（《资本论》第3卷，第256页）。马克思认为，如果“同一现象，称作a，就认为是存在的和必要的，称作b，就加以否认”，那是相当荒谬的（《剩余价值理论》第2册，第496—499页)。\n\n195\n\n资本的限度\n\n318","previous_page":325,"next_page":327}