{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","title":"资本的限度","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508673165","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","id":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","uuid":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","title":"资本的限度","normalized_title":"资本的限度","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508673165","isbns":["9787508673165"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":735,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E7%9A%84%E9%99%90%E5%BA%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/search"},"page":{"printed_page":"212 / 343","pdf_page":351,"physical_index":351,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"043224645a64d005cf052dc720609cf5f78a392b2cc90abd4bd257afc82536c7"},"chapter":"第8章 固定资本","content":"例如，按照初始的购买价格（假定它与价值相等）来计算的线性价值转移只有在特殊的、相当不现实的条件下没有技术创新、机器的成本没有变动等等—才会等于重置投资。只要这些条件不成立，被回收的价值与重置所需的价值之间就会出现偏差。固定资本的持续流通在重置的时刻就会受到威胁。\n\n线性价值转移还假定机器的使用期限是已知的。那么，这种使用期限是如何决定的？马克思给出了两个答案。一开始，他求助于一个纯粹物理的概念—机器在建造时拥有了一定的物理能力和耐用性，并会在一定的时期内老化。但他也承认，经济上的使用期限也许是不同的。资本家之所以会丢弃一台机器，不是因为它在物理上老化了，而是因为把它置换掉可以带来更高的利润。对资本家来说，机器的使用价值是让他得以生产出更多的剩余价值，而且正如马克思明显承认的那样，这种使用价值是随着社会形势的变化而变化的。因此，人们无法预先得知一台机器在经济上的使用期限，因为它取决于机器体系的设计和成本的变化、技术变革的总体速度和形式、对劳动力的受剥削率有影响的条件（例如起伏不定的产业后备军）、不同的技术在给定的生产线上利润率的差异等等。作为一种社会性的规定，机器的使用期限在最好的情况下是变动\n\n212\n\n第8章一固定资本\n\n343","previous_page":350,"next_page":352}