{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","title":"资本的限度","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508673165","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","id":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","uuid":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","title":"资本的限度","normalized_title":"资本的限度","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508673165","isbns":["9787508673165"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":735,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E7%9A%84%E9%99%90%E5%BA%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/search"},"page":{"printed_page":224,"pdf_page":232,"physical_index":232,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"b06b30c55a1edc06a588d5f19468fb7a92cca70f0d01783238adc1efc2b2db47"},"chapter":"第4章 技术变革、劳动过程和资本的价值构成","content":"企业的内部力量与外部力量的这种对比是非常重要的，而且我认为这正是马克思试图用价值构成与有机构成的区分来把握的观点。个别资本家按照经济形势来控制他们自己的生产过程，并选择各自的技术。但他们是在市场的环境中经营的，投入品的价值在这里是由任何个人都无法控制的力量来规定的，尽管企业家关于技术所做的个别选择具有系统性的乘数效应。马克思最终试图证明，个人所做的看似合理的个别选择会威胁到资本积累的基础，从而威胁到资本家阶级的存活本身。马克思试图通过价值构成与有机构成这对概念来把握的正是这个矛盾。\n\n《资本论》第1卷是从在竞争中追求利润最大化的个别企业家的立场来考察生产的。只有在公司内部能获取相对剩余价值的技术创新得到了考察。马克思虽然提到了技术创新的乘数效应，却基本忽略了这些效应可能会给投入品的价值比例造成的影响，唯一的例外是可变资本—生产工资品的产业的生产率的提高所导致的劳动力价值的降低被视为资本家的相对剩余价值的一个首要来源。我们在这里遇到了马克思关于技术创新的叙述中的所谓“节省劳动的偏见”。但由于专注于公司内部的技术变革，马克思就可以总结说：劳动的物质生产率的提高会导致价值构成的上升成为一种无可避免的倾向。这个观点强有力地出现在《资本论》第3卷中37（第212页）:\n\n资本的限度\n\n224","previous_page":223,"next_page":225}