{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","title":"资本的限度","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508673165","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","id":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","uuid":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","title":"资本的限度","normalized_title":"资本的限度","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508673165","isbns":["9787508673165"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":735,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E7%9A%84%E9%99%90%E5%BA%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/search"},"page":{"printed_page":"237 / 377","pdf_page":385,"physical_index":385,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"b3f7707ca537ab4d76a96b312ab10950716176b6e8354cd0bcc001c4d2c35428"},"chapter":"第8章 固定资本","content":"除此之外，马克思还证明了固定资本与流动资本的分离会给第1部类与第2部类的相互交换赋予一种循环式的节奏—而且有爆炸的可能性。由于产业后备军的总额起伏不定，而且固定资本（特别是大规模的工程，它们要花费较长的工作时间）在形成时会发生提前和滞后，所以资本积累的步伐似乎无可避免地会有强烈的循环波动。这些波动又为消费基金的形成过程注入了循环搏动，后者在某些情况下可能会由于乘数效应而放大对均衡的偏离。\n\n我们还注意到，资本的过度积累导致了剩余的劳动力、商品和货币资本的生产这些状况恰好适合于刺激流动资本流入整个次级的资本循环。由于向次级资本循环的这种调换是可以策划的—这个过程完全有可能包含某种“转换危机”(switching crises)——所以次级循环表现为一场及时雨，可以吸收剩余的、过度积累的资本。吸收过剩资本的能力会以两种不同的方式受到限制。固定资本的实现依赖于生产性消费的加强，但是后者在长期会产生越来越多有待吸收的资本。消费基金中资本的实现则依赖于未来收益的扩大，因为这些收益可以.抵偿当前的购买所带来的负债。因此，只要没能满足恰当的条件，那么价值丧失的前景在这两种情况下都会浮现出来。但在这个地方，固定资本的形成和使用同消费基金的形成和使用之\n\n第8章固定资本\n\n237\n\n377","previous_page":384,"next_page":386}