{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","title":"资本的限度","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508673165","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","id":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","uuid":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","title":"资本的限度","normalized_title":"资本的限度","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508673165","isbns":["9787508673165"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":735,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E7%9A%84%E9%99%90%E5%BA%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/search"},"page":{"printed_page":"279 / 437","pdf_page":445,"physical_index":445,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"f82104a742d6f99c655f913ad0971df1c13a26bd13821a19703bb955c7dca7cf"},"chapter":"第9章 货币、信用和金融","content":"然而，在所有这些情况下，所有权证书的价格与这些证书所代表的实际价值之间的关系都必定会被掩盖。收益本身不是直接由剩余价值的生产来约束的，而是由分配的规则和一整套制度安排来中介的；这些规则和安排虽然有助于协调生息资本的流动，却掩盖了收益与实际价值的关系。货币资本的供给和需求也有干预的力量，因为价格是按照利率来折算的收益。可是虚拟资本市场对于资本主义的存活至关重要，因为生息资本流动的连续性只有通过这些市场才能得到确保。我们在前一节证明，这种流动发挥了一些至关重要的协调职能。有了虚拟资本市场，就有办法对资本主义社会的协调力量加以协调。\n\n（3）银行体系\n\n银行与其他金融中介的区分十分重要。①储蓄银行、退休基金和保险基金、储蓄与贷款协会和房屋互助协会（buildingsocieties）、信用合作社、邮政储蓄账户等等都会发动储蓄，但这些储蓄来自现有的价值量。在这些状况下，在价值的生产之前进行储蓄是不可能的。这条限制并不适用于银行：银行是通过它们所给出的信用来给出信用并创造货币价值的。当银行用自己的汇票来代替在资本家（和其他人）中间相互流通的汇票时，它们就创造了虚拟的货币价值。这些虚拟的货币价值随后就可以作为资本来出借。这意味着银行可以将货币的流量—这些货币被用作支付手段——转变成“自由的”货币资本。银行可以在价值的生产之前创造货币资本。这种能力\n\n第9章－货币信用和金融\n\n279\n\n① 格利（Gurley）与肖（Shaw)(1960）有效地讨论了这个区分，尽管他们的角度是资产阶级的。\n\n437","previous_page":444,"next_page":446}