{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","title":"资本的限度","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508673165","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","id":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","uuid":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","title":"资本的限度","normalized_title":"资本的限度","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508673165","isbns":["9787508673165"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":735,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E7%9A%84%E9%99%90%E5%BA%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/search"},"page":{"printed_page":367,"pdf_page":375,"physical_index":375,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"88be006aea36d6b2dd21580461b0de27ead5f45dc53ef1372643ee07135cc97c"},"chapter":"第8章 固定资本","content":"4. 消费基金\n\n某些商品在消费领域中发挥的作用有些类似于固定资本在生产过程中起到的作用。这些商品没有被直接消费掉，而是被用作消费工具。它们包括了多种多样的项目：餐具和厨具、冰箱、电视机和洗衣机、住房，以及各种集体消费的手段，比如公园和走道。我们可以很方便地在消费基金这个标题下将所有这些项目归到一起。\n\n固定资本与消费基金的区分植根于商品的使用，而不是商品的物质存在方式。项目可以由于用途的变化而从一个范畴转移到另一个范畴（见前面第205页）。例如，体现在仓库和工场中的固定资本可以转变为消费基金项目，比如公寓和美术馆，反之亦然。一些项目同时具有生产手段和消费手段的职能(例如高速公路和汽车)。联合使用总是有可能的。\n\n消费工具未必是作为商品被生产出来的。工人可以在自己的时间里通过自己的劳作来生产自己的住房，并互相用自己的劳动产品来进行易货贸易。这样一类体系在资本主义工业化的早年是很常见的，而且在第三世界经济体所谓的“非正式”部门中、在发达资本主义国家的“地下”经济中仍然存在。①\n\n第8章一固定资本\n\n230\n\n① 波特斯（Portes)（1980）概述了关于非正式部门和资本积累的文献（主要涉及拉丁美洲)。\n\n367","previous_page":null,"next_page":368}