{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","title":"资本的限度","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508673165","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","id":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","uuid":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","title":"资本的限度","normalized_title":"资本的限度","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508673165","isbns":["9787508673165"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":735,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E7%9A%84%E9%99%90%E5%BA%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/search"},"page":{"printed_page":418,"pdf_page":426,"physical_index":426,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"ccee94c50e73ff87ff06375c06fb708df075816cf68b611181d91ce03f993b74"},"chapter":"第9章 货币、信用和金融","content":"(3)固定资本的流通和消费基金的形成\n\n固定资本要求在往后的年份里生产继续进行…还预期占有作为对等价值的未来劳动……预期创造未来劳动的果实……决不是信用制度的发明。它的根源在于固定资本的价值的特有实现方式，周转方式，再生产方式。51（《大纲》，第731—732 页)\n\n这个说法中引人注目的是固定资本的形成和流通、信用体系的兴起与对未来劳动果实的预期这三者之间隐含的关系。固定资本的流通给资本施加了巨大的负担。资本家必须贮藏足够的货币，才能不仅偿付初始的购买价格，而且在价值通过生产被收回之前度过一段时间。信用体系对于促进固定资本的流通变得至关重要了。即使假定社会中的其他阶级没有个人储蓄，在当前进行投资的资本家也可以从进行储蓄的资本家那里—后者的着眼点是未来的扩张或置换—借入货币并付出利息。由于固定资本的流通会“硬化”为一种独立形式的流通，而且由于它的规模、数量和耐用性都会随着资本积累而增加，所以资本主义必定会演化出愈发精巧的信用体系，以便处理固定资本的流通所带来的问题。\n\n倘若没有机会获得信用，“独立类型”的投资特别是在建成环境中就无法完成。长期投资可以转变成年度支付；资本可以大规模地集中，从而能够资助庞大的业务，比如铁路、水坝、船坞和港口、电站等等。信用同样为个人对寿命较长的商品的消费—摩托车和住房都是很好的例子提供了方便，政府则可以通过债务融资来提供公共品。资本还能以商品形式出借。设备、建筑物等等都可以被货币资本家购\n\n资本的限度\n\n265\n\n418","previous_page":417,"next_page":null}