{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","title":"资本的限度","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508673165","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","id":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","uuid":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","title":"资本的限度","normalized_title":"资本的限度","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508673165","isbns":["9787508673165"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":735,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E7%9A%84%E9%99%90%E5%BA%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/search"},"page":{"printed_page":462,"pdf_page":470,"physical_index":470,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"bba1d2fd087d7d00cf117250c956e74e113d1fb85ffa2c02c86d4875d4ac9ce4"},"chapter":"第10章 金融资本及其矛盾","content":"马克思的第二条反对意见是：就算没有任何来自国际货币的制约，中央银行的权力—它是受到严格限定的也完全不足以抵御危机的形成。我们论证了（第7章）资本主义有一种慢性而长期的倾向，即产生资本的剩余产生过度积累的状况。我们现在必须继续考察另一种情况：虚拟资本肯定必须在实际的资本积累之前被创造出来，而这意味着“货币资本的积累所反映的资本积累，必然总是比现实存在的资本积累更大”26（《资本论》第3卷，第505页）。只要实际的商品价值的扩大与先前创造的虚拟资本保持同步，那就永远不可能出问题。但一旦过度积累变得明显了，虚拟价值的实现和商品形式的价值的实现就会受到威胁。在这样一个时刻，对货币的需求在严格意义上就是对流动性的需求。在这样一个时刻，向货币基础的回归肯定会毁灭虚拟资本，并使商品丧失价值。面对这样一种状况，中央银行唯一行得通的防御手段是印刷以国家为后盾的货币，以便把剩余全部买下来，由此实现虚拟资本的价值。马克思明确地排除了这样一种解决方案(《资本论》第3卷，第490页)，因为他所假定的货币体系是以黄金为后盾的—有限的黄金储备阻碍了中央银行介入进来，“把全部已经跌价的商品按原来的名义价值购买进来”27。\n\n但若一国的货币无法兑换成黄金，中央银行确实就可以通过印刷货币来抵抗过度积累和价值丧失了。然而这样一来，\n\n资本的限度\n\n462","previous_page":null,"next_page":null}