{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","title":"资本的限度","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508673165","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","id":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","uuid":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","title":"资本的限度","normalized_title":"资本的限度","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508673165","isbns":["9787508673165"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":735,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E7%9A%84%E9%99%90%E5%BA%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/search"},"page":{"printed_page":531,"pdf_page":539,"physical_index":539,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"0c8d1d8dc730614323885f296c9739bc7ae83199b226cc26dcb7223d54bef5fe"},"chapter":"第11章 租金理论","content":"土地所有权的历史表明了封建地主逐步转化为地租所得者，世袭的半交代役租的而且常常是不自由的终身租佃者逐步转化为现代租地农场主，以及依附于土地而没有迁徙自由的农奴和徭役农民逐步转化为农业短工的过程，这种历史也许事实上就是现代资本的形成史。4（《大纲》，第252页）\n\n马克思关于这段历史的总体叙述可以划分为两个阶段。在第一个阶段，封建的劳役租转化成了实物租金，最后又转化成了货币租金。这种转化预设了“商业、城市工业、一般商品生产、从而货币流通有了比较显著的发展”4(《资本论》第3卷，第797页)。价值规律开始通过市场交换来调节价格了。封建租税的货币化开启了出租土地并收取货币报酬的可能性，并最终开启了将土地作为商品来购买和出售的可能性。基于城市的资本可以渗透到乡村并转化那里的社会关系了。除了较为温和的货币化的过程之外，还有更加贪婪的高利贷者的行为（他们花了很多力气来使传统的土地持有者放松对土地的掌握)，最后还有暴力的剥夺（不论国家是否批准）:\n\n掠夺教会地产，欺骗性地出让国有土地，盗窃公有地，用剥夺方法、用残忍的恐怖手段把封建财产和克兰财产转化为现代私有财产这就是原始积累的各种田园诗式的方法。 49\n\n(《资本论》第1卷，第 732页）\n\n第11章－租金理论\n\n531","previous_page":530,"next_page":null}