{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","title":"资本的限度","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508673165","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","id":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","uuid":"228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","title":"资本的限度","normalized_title":"资本的限度","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508673165","isbns":["9787508673165"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":735,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E7%9A%84%E9%99%90%E5%BA%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/228f0c0d-2779-4136-9d68-0e7616b3a34f/search"},"page":{"printed_page":601,"pdf_page":609,"physical_index":609,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"b619f28ba05622528a5a0a7bb23bbc9a5806c17f9fd23886cfb256f93408b0b2"},"chapter":"第12章 空间格局的生产：资本和劳动在地理上的机动性","content":"现在让我们考察一个情境：在一个有边界的平面上——其中劳动力的供给是有限的—生产资本的机动性和对租金的占有已经使所有区位的利润率变得平均了。随着对剩余劳动的吸收，越来越多的资本家将被迫采用新技术来追逐超额利润。这些新技术会干扰并改变先前达到空间均衡所需的条件（均衡是用利润率的平均化来界定的)。空间竞争以诸多方式被重新激活了：\n\n第一，技术更好的生产者也许会以其他生产者为代价来扩大自己的市场范围，因而后者被迫要通过改变位置或采用新技术来进行回应。倘若新技术可以造成规模经济，而且在劳动力的价值面前是中立的（也就是说，它不会产生相对剩余价值的永久形式)，那么在这个平面上生产出来的剩余价值就会保持不变。它只是得到了再分配。倘若新技术要求增加预付资本，平均利润率就会下降，尽管有优势的个别资本家仍然很有可能获得超额利润。我们在这里再次生动地看到了利润率下降的空间方面。如果利润率要保持稳定，一些竞争者就必须被逐出市场而这意味着指定地点的价值丧失。\n\n第二，如果生产者提高了他们所运用的资本的技术构成和价值构成，就会导致三个相互关联的结果：\n\n1.对劳动力的需求在与创新者相邻的地区可能会降低，从而触发失业、工资的下降和额外的获取相对剩余价值的机会，条件是本地劳工市场的状况有利于生产的扩大（我们暂且假定劳动不具有机动性)。\n\n第12章空间格局的生产：资本和劳动在地理上的机动性\n\n601","previous_page":null,"next_page":null}