{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","title":"技术体系：理性的社会生活","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787552024104","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","id":"231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","uuid":"231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","title":"技术体系：理性的社会生活","normalized_title":"技术体系理性的社会生活","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787552024104","isbns":["9787552024104"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":328,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%EF%BC%9A%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":116,"pdf_page":132,"physical_index":132,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"e5e0c09583e633b2e4c7ccf8adb981cd8810211e324fb4a436ce10d15eb3ec90"},"chapter":"第三章具体化西蒙栋和建构主义","content":"如果西蒙栋理论的这一方面在行动者网络理论和一般的STS中没有对应的地方，那么它确实与马尔库塞的批判理论产生了共鸣。和西蒙栋一样，马尔库塞需要一个潜能概念，从而使对当前文明阶段的超越理论化。就像西蒙栋一样，他不能依靠形而上学来达到这个目的。他也是在社会和技术的关系性本质中，而不是在内在的目的(inherent telos)中找到潜能。马尔库塞是指黑格尔的本质概念，“指存在的统一性，其同一性贯穿于整个变化之中”。这种统一性或同一性到底是什么？它不是一个固定的永久的底层，而是一个过程，在其中一切事物都要处理其内在的矛盾，并因此展开自己。通过这种方式设想，同一性包含了它的对立面，即差异，并包括自我分化和随后的统一。①\n\n马尔库塞对本质概念的黑格尔式解释，与西蒙栋的个体化理论相似，强调在事物与其环境的关系中所产生的张力。这是“本质”作为历史范畴而不是形而上学范畴的新含义。\n\n决定论的问题\n\n西蒙栋的承诺对一种看似过时的决定论技术哲学有所妥协。大多数STS学者不再认为决定论是一种可行的方法。最近有一些有趣的尝试来重新评估决定论，但没有一种尝试具有它有时在西蒙栋那里所采取的极端形式。他似乎常常预设萨利·怀亚特所说的“规范性技术决定论”，根本不考虑任何社会影响。①\n\n116\n\n技术体系：理性的社会生活\n\n① Herbert Marcuse, Reason andRevolution: Hegel and the Rise of Social Theory (Boston: Beacon Press, 1954), 146; Marcuse,“The Concept of Essence”, in Negations: Essays inCritical Theory, trans. J. J. Shapiro (Boston; Beacon Press, 1968),81-82.","previous_page":115,"next_page":null}