{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","title":"技术体系：理性的社会生活","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787552024104","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","id":"231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","uuid":"231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","title":"技术体系：理性的社会生活","normalized_title":"技术体系理性的社会生活","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787552024104","isbns":["9787552024104"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":328,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%EF%BC%9A%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":"37 / 25","pdf_page":53,"physical_index":53,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"39c3e3c53d0dbee9406f60f5febd93a45d6fe40637df5d4b914084ae4556260a"},"chapter":"第一章福柯之后的马克思","content":"马克思在他的剩余价值理论中克服了这个批判的障碍。我在这里重提马克思的观点不是为了复活马克思主义的经济学，而是将其作为预示了福柯进路的方法论创新的例子。在马克思从政治经济学推出的理想的资本主义模式中，商品的价值在于生产商品的必要劳动。劳动力本身就是一种商品，生产商品的必要劳动是根据食物和其他必需品的成本来衡量的。但是由于资本家拥有工厂，所以他有权力不依据他所雇用的劳动力的贡献来设定工作日的长度。在工作日，工人创造了多于他们的工资成本的商品，并因此使拥有他们产品的资本家变得富裕。与此同时，工人自身维持在足以再生产他们的劳动力的水平。\n\n马克思在对资本主义的这种批判中没有参考成见和歧视。剩余价值由这个体系自身的合理的工作所创造。财产不是盗窃，因为劳动力根据其价值被支付了工资。这就是为什么马克思反对早期工会要求“公平的”工资。他认为，这个问题不是工资率的问题，而是劳动力市场的结构问题，它将工作日的长度留给资本家自行决定。然而，马克思的论点在被看成是纯粹的等价交换时，即超出它实际作为剥削机制起作用的域境范围时，的确有效地否定了市场要求的这种规范性。\n\n第一章 福柯之后的马克思\n\n37\n\n25\n\n① Jürgen Habermas, “Technology and Science as Ideology,” in Toward a Rational Society: Student Protest, Science and Politics, trans. J. J. Shapiro (Boston:Beacon Press, 1970),97.","previous_page":52,"next_page":54}