{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","title":"技术体系：理性的社会生活","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787552024104","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","id":"231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","uuid":"231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","title":"技术体系：理性的社会生活","normalized_title":"技术体系理性的社会生活","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787552024104","isbns":["9787552024104"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":328,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%EF%BC%9A%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/231a69de-8526-4d34-8fa7-231b09af93a8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":39,"pdf_page":55,"physical_index":55,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"5686a7b6051922dfc55b3c5522a8d769cb44c34f37b141b4962a4656925fe8cf"},"chapter":"第一章福柯之后的马克思","content":"谱系学:对象和意义\n\n福柯的谱系学方法来自尼采。跟尼采一样，福柯反对亚里士多德的物质概念。根据亚里士多德的物质概念，本质通过偶然的变化而存在。尼采说：“一件事物的起源及其最终用途的实际原因，以及将其纳入一个目的体系的方式，都是天壤之别；无论其起源如何，每种存在物都会被当权者根据自由意图定期地重新解释；有机世界中的所有过程都是超越和克服的过程，反过来，所有超越和克服都意味着重新解释、重新排列，在这一过程中，先前的意义和目的必然被模糊或失去。”①\n\n谱系学的进路可以应用于技术体系。制度和人造物由部件的聚集构成，伴随的是它们在社会中的功能角色而不是其内在的本质。这种技术体系类似羊皮纸：来自不同社会区域并且回应，甚至反对不同逻辑的多层影响题写了共享的对象或制度。正如福柯所说，谱系学“在一片纠缠和混乱的羊皮纸上，在被刮过很多次并且被复写过很多次的文件上操作”。“在事物的背后，”他接着说，“并没有一个永恒而重要的秘密，相反，那个秘密没有本质或只有从异化形式的碎片中捏造出来的本质。”①\n\n第一章 福柯之后的马克思\n\n39\n\n① Friedrich Nietzsche, The Birth of Tragedy and the Genealogy ofMorals, trans. F. Golffing (New York: Anchor, 1956), 209.","previous_page":38,"next_page":40}